Melanie Klein: A Brief Biography

Karen Horney is one of the preeminent figures and founders of modern psychoanalysis. Although her ideas are not widely taught today or accepted as a basis of psychoanalysis in and of themselves, her ideas of social and environmental influences are “integrated into modern psychoanalysis therapies and personality development theory” (Quinn). She was a contemporary of Sigmund Freud and was one of his early followers. Yet Horney joined the class of neo-Freudians after her research and writing led her to develop and establish psychoanalytical theories that ran counter to Freud's ideas. She objected to the Freudian psychology of women, which instigated the search for her own theories for the causes of neurosis. This in turn led to her

Play therapy first began to materialize in the early part of the twentieth century, as theorists such as Anna Freud and Melanie Klein developed their own concepts of how to obtain insight into the inner emotional world of a child through the media of play (Rye, 2010).

This paper will outline the contribution to the field of psychology that has been made by a female psychologist. This paper will focus on the contributions made by Mary D. Salter Ainsworth within her field of Developmental psychology and her contributions to other theories within the same subject

Although play therapy is developmentally appropriate for children ages 3–11 years (Kottman, 2011); an examination of individual development is necessary to determine how the child is functioning (Ray, 2011).Apart from the mental or physical functioning of the children, the readiness to change and growth is also an essential part to be assessed by the therapist throughout the entire therapeutic process. In Rogers’ (1961, as cited in Wilkins, 2010) research on the readiness of clients in the therapy process, Rogers conceptualized a continuum. Concerning children in play therapy, they are usually referred by others; mostly the parents are the one who seek help voluntarily. Most involuntary children and preadolescents usually are not self-referred,

The paper topic is focused on how play therapy can help children develop their behavioral and emotional structures. The primary research question for the paper is Can Play Therapy help children with emotional and behavioral issues get better? The primary hypotheses for this paper are: If play therapy can help a child overcome his self-esteem issues, then it can help the child grow emotionally and if play therapy can help a child overcome his self-esteem issues, then it can help the child grow a strong behavioral structure. The paper is divided into an introduction which gives a brief background of the topic, literature review which focuses on the results of 10 recent studies with familiar topics, the methods section, and the results sections which provides the primary results of the study and the discussions section which illustrates the lessons learnt from conducting this study as well as the differences and limitations of the study alongside the new directions that similar researches in the future could look to explore.

Women’s contributions have often been overlooked in the history of all subjects. Psychology is no exception to this pitfall. As a response to the lack of historical recognition, the subfield of “women’s history of psychology” has given rise. The subfield focuses on women’s roles and contributions to psychology, as well as preserving the history of women in the field, and analyzing their impact on society and the evolution of psychology. Despite efforts to include women in the conversation of psychology, women are still undervalued and mostly invisible in the teaching of the discipline. For example, the textbook used for this class, which details the history of psychology, only has brief mentions of five women that contributed to the field.

My topic of inquiry I have chosen to research for this report is; is play therapy an effective treatment for Children with Post traumatic stress disorder. I was drawn to this topic as I have had an interest in working with Children who have experienced Trauma and have a diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder under the criteria of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV). I worked on a personal level with many children who have experienced traumatic events such as natural disasters and have seen the impact that these traumas have had on them and I am curious to know if play therapy is an effective way of working with children who have Post-traumatic stress disorder. I wanted to explore this more as children find it difficult to articulate their thoughts and feelings and I want to know if play therapy is an effective way of helping them to express their thoughts and feelings. I also wanted to find out why Play Therapy is not really recognised in New Zealand and why there is such a limited amount of Play Therapists in New Zealand. I became interested in this topic when I took a child to play therapy and seen the impact that these sessions had on their development and behaviour and this drew me to want to find out why this treatment is not used more widely with children as play is a natural aspect of their development.

In addition to the aforementioned, she sections her findings with a review on specific “Principals and Techniques” where she provides ample, real-life case-information on how therapeutic play has been utilized to facilitate coping in children during traumatic events (Brown, 2007). An example is how art allowed a six year-old girl dying from leukemia a conversational medium to display her thoughts on dying (Brown, 2007). Similarly, Brown (2007) structured her review to include specific examples how play is utilized to help facilitate communication, a natural defense against helplessness and psychological

Schaefer and Drewes address in their book how to implement a play therapy program in school settings, play-based prevention programs, individual play therapy approaches as well as group play and play therapy with special needs children, such as mute, homeless and autistic children. They also discuss cognitive-behavioral play therapy, trauma-focused group work and training teachers to use play therapy. The two experts talk about how play is not only essential for promoting normal child development, but how it also has many therapeutic powers as well. All of these therapies require the formation of a therapeutic relationship along with some sort of medium to exchange the therapy between the child and the therapist. The general use of play helps

Play therapy was presented in class by Kallie Kraweitz, who was a guest speaker. Ms. Kraweitz is in the process of completing her online Education in Counseling and Play therapy from University of Mississippi. She is not an expert in the subject but she is currently in the program and she came to share some basic information that she has learned in her course work and also the experiences that she has acquired during her journey in the course. She defined play therapy as “the systematic use of theoretical model to establish an interpersonal process wherein trained play therapist use the therapeutic powers of play to help clients prevent or resolve psychological difficulties and achieve optimal growth and development” ( Kallie & Make a

There are two girls in my family that were both born about a year ago. I have spent some time observing both of them even before taking this psychology course. During family gatherings I have noticed some slight differences in the way both of these girls learn from their environment, from their family, and from strangers. When learning about Piaget’s and Erikson 's stages of development, it gave me a better understanding of how these two girls are developing and learning from their everyday experiences.

Play therapy will create an atmosphere to support Athena in releasing symptoms of distress by adapting cognitive errors. This therapy is beneficial because it is short-term, directive, and problem oriented; more importantly, this collaborative relationship provides education to reinforce desired behavior. The combination of verbal and nonverbal communication play techniques are used to change behavior and to encourage Athena to participate in therapy. The use of puppets to model cognitive strategies like challenging irrational beliefs and reinforcing positivity will enhance Athena’s perspective about her

Play therapy was first established by Carl Rogers in 1942. According to the Association for Play Therapy Board (1997) Play therapy is the systematic use of a theoretical model to establish an interpersonal process wherein trained play therapist use the therapeutic powers of play to help clients prevent or resolve psychological difficulties and achieve optimal growth and development (1997). The goal for play therapy is to be able to help provide a way for the children to express their feelings and experiences. There are two types of Play therapy that consist of Directive, and Non-directive. Non-directive play Therapy acknowledges and allows the child to direct the play. This technique has 5 different

The intake that was chosen for the purposes of this assignment refers to the therapeutic treatment of children. The intake form provided is from a therapist located in Texas that specializes in play therapy with children and adolescents. Regarding the acquisition of information in order to determine the presenting problem of the child, there was a sufficient amount of questions that allowed for a greater overview of the child.

It feels as though most of the time when thinking about psychology and the great contributions that have been made to it, that most of them have been from men, but along the way there have been several influential women that have contributed to the field of psychology as well. Just like men, there were several women who were pioneers, theorists, and counselors; many of these women have contributed to the field of psychology in their own special between the years of 1850 and 1950. Of all these amazing women who are pioneers, theorists, and counselors, the one who stands out the most is Anna Freud. This paper will go on to explain Anna Freud’s