Memory Process

Memory is divided into three categories. These categories consist of: sensory memory, short term memory and long term memory, out of these short term memory is the main focus in this essay. It has been widely researched due to interest of how much memory can be stored, how long this memory can be stored for and what information is memorised.

In the last half century several theories have emerged with regard to the best model for human memory. In each of these models there was a specific way to help people recall words and

There are 3 necessary steps/types that are crucial to forming a lasting memory. Step 1: sensory memory, step 2: short-term memory, and step 3: long-term memory. These are the three types of memory that are needed to build a lasting memory. Sensory memory is the shortest memory in the shortest- term memory element.One of the types of memory allows you to remember information through the 5 senses. The brain will remember anything that happened from 1 second to 60 seconds using the sensory part of your memory. An example of sensory memory is: I got hit in the head with a purple yo-yo. After sensory memory comes the short-term memory. Short-term memory acts as a “scratch- pad” for temporary recall. Short- term memory holds small amounts of information. Anything something that took place in front of your eyes for longer than 60 seconds, the short-term memory section of the brain will remember it. This section of your brain will allow you to recall that information in the next few hours or days. An example of short-term memory is: time on the clock 10 minutes ago. Lastly, comes long– term memory. Long- term memory, is used to store information of a set time

This supports the idea of an immediate memory store for items that are neither visual nor phonological and that draw on long-term memory to link the related words. It is used as both the Phonological Loop and the Visuo-Spatial Sketch Pad have specific roles and the Central Executive has very limited storage capacity so as a result there was no where to store both visual and acoustic information. The Episodic Buffer is an extra storage system that has in common with all working memory units, a limited capacity. It is handy and can integrate information from the Central Executive, The Phonological Loop, The Visuo-Spatial Sketch Pad and also information from the Long-Term Memory.

McLeod (2007) describes memory as the psychological function of processing & preserving vast amounts of information such as visual images, acoustic sounds and semantic meanings. According to the Oxford Dictionary of Psychology (2009), memory involves a series of interconnected systems that serve different functions. The basic divisions of these systems are declarative and procedural memory, episodic and semantic memory and long and short term memory.

There are many proposed divisions and sub-divisions of human memory, such as working memory, procedural memory, semantic memory or episodic memory. Many of the systems seem to overlap, with each having varying functions related to the maintenance of

The aim of this investigation was to look to see if there is a difference in the recollection if the format in which information is presented is different. Lists of words and images were compared to find the most effective source of recollection. This topic of research has many real life applications for instance how students study in preparation for exams. If there is a format that is more successful at recollecting memory then that would help with studying and can be expanded to how general education is taught. This field of psychology could help to revolutionise memory and its capabilities if enough study is concentrated on it.

Second, short-term memory remains in the brain for a short period of time, maybe 25 seconds unless it is reiterated over and over again to be preserved longer in the

Working memory our immediate memory in which information is temporarily stored while waiting to be processed, it is a multiparty system that holds and manipulates information as we preform cognitive tasks. The working memory is made up of four systems: the central executive, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer and the phonological loop. Although over the past few years there have been extensive research into the processes of the working memories model the topic is still largely unknown. Working memory or short term memory

stored knowledge according to the level on which it was encoded and could be remembered. There were several hypotheses drawn prior to the conduction of the memory lab. The first was that subjects would be more likely to remember words by recognition, rather than free recall. The second hypothesis was that words stored on a higher level of encoding would more likely be retrieved than those words stored on a lower level. The third hypothesis maintained that since there was a more in depth process of retrieval regarding higher levels of encoding, such as semantic processing, the time in seconds for the retrieval of a particular word would more likely be longer in duration than that of a word retrieved on a lower level, such as orthographic processing.

The short-term memory allows a person to store the information for long enough for it to be used, the short-term memory can also be called the working memory however this term later came to have a different meaning. The short-term memory however only has a limited capacity to store information; Miller (1956) claims that in order to save space in a person’s short-term memory they chunk information together but despite this space saving the short-term memory can only hold seven plus or minus two of these chunks of information. According to Atkinson and Shiffrin (1971) this information can be stored unaided for about 15-30 seconds, this time frame can be extended by rehearsal.

There are two main types of memory, short term and long term. The key part to our brain

C. In general, the brain's system for creating and using memories is very effective, but problems often occur.

Memory is the process in which information is encoded, retained, and recollected in our brain. According to past research, information passes from the sensory memory to the short-term memory and, lastly, to the long-term memory over time. According to Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968), the duration of short term memory is between 15 and 30 seconds. In addition, an individuals’ memory can be affected by several different factors such as environmental factors, social factors and even psychological factors. An example of a psychological factor includes the mental health of a person. Mental health is a state of emotional, social, and psychological satisfaction in which individuals are able to cope with the stresses of life, interact with others and make decisions. Past studies have found correlations between mental health and memory. According to Sternberg and Jarvik (1976), depression is associated with an impairment of short-term memory. Their study found that with the improvement of an individuals’ depressive state, there is an improvement in their short-term memory. With the influence of mental health can have on short-term memory, memory assessments can be administered to individuals with differing mental states to further support or challenge the predetermined relationship.

Oscar Wilde said that "Memory... is the diary that we all carry about with us." Every page of our diary filled with a series of memories, but we wouldn 't make a perfectly diary. Sometimes we lost pictures in the diary, sometimes we miss spell words; just like memories will become vague and pass out of mind. The process of memory includes Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval; those three parts correlate and restrict each other. Memory storage is a step encompasses how information is retained over time (Laura, 2013). As two of the systems involved in memory storage short-term memory (STM) and the long-term memory (LTM) and play an important role when people recalling specific memory.