Essay on Memory (SPEECH OUTLINE)

"Memory is composed of several different abilities that depend on different brain systems (1). A fundamental distinction is between the capacity for conscious recollection of facts and events (declarative or explicit memory) and various

1. Hockenbury, Don H., and Sandra E. Hockenbury. "Chapter 6- Memory." Psychology. 5th ed. New York: Worth, 2010. 282-83. Print

Memories are known as episodic memories. these memories can be information that is being stored or images that are being stored depending of when, where and what is being retrieved. There is a brain structure called the hippocampus that creates the memories that manages the memories into the structures. In order to create the memories the hippocampus connected to the region of the cerebral cortex through several regions that receive the sensory information. The memory records those experiences into the brain they can be short term or long term memories. All types of memories can be based on the connections within the neural circuits of each memory system. The weakness or strength of the memory usually depends on how the memory was formulated.

This had led psychologists within the approach to explain that memory is build up of three stages: encoding (where information is received), storage (where the information is held) and retrieval (where the information is recalled if necessary.)

Memory refers to the persistence of learning in a state that can be revealed at a later time (Squire, 1987). A memory is a network of neocortical neurons and the connections that link them. That network is formed by experience as a result of the concurrent activation of neuronal ensembles that

Memory is a set of cognitive processes that allow us to remember past information (retrospective memory) and future obligations (prospective memory) so we can navigate our lives. The strength of our memory can be influenced by the connections we make through different cognitive faculties as well as by the amount of time we spend devoting to learning specific material across different points in time. New memories are created every time we remember specific event, which results in retrospective memories changing over time. Memory recall can be affected retrospectively such as seeing increased recall in the presence of contextual cues or false recall of information following leading questions. Memory also includes the process

can be interfered with and that memory is not stored passively as it is often perceived to be.

Memory is both an essential, yet complex, psychological process that relies on numerous neuroanatomical structures, including parts of the prefrontal cortex, cerebral cortex, temporal lobe, amygdala, cerebellum, basal ganglia, and the hippocampus, just to name a few. However, almost all areas of the human brain are connected to the systematic functioning of memory. According to Okano, Hirano, & Balaban (2000), differentiation between the process of memory and the process of learning is important in order understanding the neurobiological aspects of memory, although both are very closely connected. The researchers define memory as a behavioral modification resulting from innate experiences, while the act of learning is more of a process for

memory is not only prone to decay, but it is also vulnerable to the influence of post-event

The human nervous system is one of the most crucial parts of the human body. It has allowed humans to do a range of functions from collecting information from our senses to solve and calculate problems and to experience dreams and emotions. All of these functions would be useless without having the ability to retain that knowledge for use later. Memory is the nervous system’s capacity to acquire and retain the skills and knowledge for later retrieval and it’s one of the most critical parts of our cognition. It’s the reason that we are allowed to take and remember information from experiences and store for retrieval later. It’s involved in almost every aspect of cognition including problem solving, decision making, attention,

Huffman & Dowdell (2015, p.218) defines memory as the internal record of previous events or experiences. Memory is a constructive process where the information is organized and shaped, while being processed, stored and retrieved (Huffman & Dowdell, 2015, p.218). Sometimes this construction leads to errors and constructs false memories. Huffman & Dowdell (2015, p.219) describes three basic operations of memory; encoding, storage and retrieval. They define encoding as the processing the information into the memory system. Storage is defined as retention of the information which has been processed. And they defined retrieval as recovery of the stored information. They compared these three operations of the memory to functioning of the computer, where the input data is first encoded, then stored on a flash or drive and finally the information is retrived from the stored files. In order to do well, the student must

memory is used to navigate the world. This is what helps us to not get lost. So when a

Memory is a very elusive subject matter. Humans have tried to understand what memory is and how it works since the beginning of time. Without it, humans would not be the highest functioning members of the animal kingdom. It enables humans to accomplish the most complex tasks.

The death of a father, the loss of love, and the absence of a home: These are the weighty elements of Vladimir Nabokov’s Speak, Memory, artfully discussed and dissected by James Wood in The Magician’s Doubts. In his chapter regarding this piece, Wood articulates Nabokov’s intricate mindscape in a concise but equally interesting manner. For example, “Death, like time, like parting, can be averted but not forgotten; it haunts even the happiest of occasions of its avoidance” (Wood, 86). Here, Wood analyzes and deconstructs Nabokov’s struggle with mortality. In Speak, Memory, Nabokov relies heavily on ornate language and complex metaphors to communicate his views, gilding a profound message with beautiful descriptions. By stripping away the decorative outer-layer, Wood allows the reader a better insight into the essence hiding beneath it, giving them a glimpse into Nabokov’s psyche in the process. Wood describes the ideas of death illustrated in Speak, Memory as “a grisly, freakish mistake… the senseless moment at the heart of

How can the brain achieve to remember everything or perceive the world without failing? And keep them so orderly and separately over time? The successful process of memory can be achieved by encoding, which is followed by consolidation and retrieval (Paller, et al., 1987). This procedure is necessary to be done securing all information for a long time. Therefore, retrieval is the way to remember something, and it depends on recollection (Donaldson & Rugg, 1998; Rugg & Wilding, 2000). Recollection helped to bring back previously experienced events or learned information (Wilding, et al., 1995). When the recollection fails, it means that people have faced the new things, so it can be said that recognition is successful for old memories, which