Memory Vs Information Processing Model

Memory is divided into three categories. These categories consist of: sensory memory, short term memory and long term memory, out of these short term memory is the main focus in this essay. It has been widely researched due to interest of how much memory can be stored, how long this memory can be stored for and what information is memorised.

* Problems of inducing structures- person must discover the relations among the parts of a problem

Attention is considered to be a core cognitive process, it refers to how people actively process specific information in the environment. Attention refers to how people select from information and stimuli in the environment, facilitating processing of some of the stimuli and inhibiting processing of others. "Everyone knows what attention is, it is the taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought...It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others, and is a condition which has a real opposite in the confused, dazed, scatterbrained state. “This definition of attention was proposed by psychologist William James (1890). This review will focus on literature that gives explanation to selective attention. Selective attention refers to the process where a person is able to select out of many stimuli and focus on the one they want and ignore other stimuli.

Memory refers to the persistence of learning in a state that can be revealed at a later time (Squire, 1987). A memory is a network of neocortical neurons and the connections that link them. That network is formed by experience as a result of the concurrent activation of neuronal ensembles that

- “Episodic memory is defined as the conscious retrieval of personal experiences occurring within a specific context”

McLeod (2007) describes memory as the psychological function of processing & preserving vast amounts of information such as visual images, acoustic sounds and semantic meanings. According to the Oxford Dictionary of Psychology (2009), memory involves a series of interconnected systems that serve different functions. The basic divisions of these systems are declarative and procedural memory, episodic and semantic memory and long and short term memory.

Memory in the human brain is a complex process which is easier understood by the use of theoretical constructs. Memories begin as sensory stimuli which become sensory memory which only last about one second, from there it moves into working memory which lasts for about twenty to thirty seconds and is used to process information. Within working memory there are a few separate processes, the central executive which directs attention, the episodic buffer which is a secondary storage lasting ten to twenty seconds, this area communicates with long term memory as well as the central executive. The visuospatial sketchpad which is used to visualise visual and spacial

I watched a Ted talk given by Joshua Foer about memory. He started off by asking that everyone visualize random things in their homes. Then he started talking about a memory contest in which people all over the world come together to memorizes hundreds of numbers, names, faces, etc. He was fascinated by it. So, he wondered how they could memorize such things.

Sensory memories are momentary recordings of information in our sensory systems. They are memories evoked through a person's five senses: sight, smell, sound, taste, and touch. Although sensory memory is very brief, different sensory memories last for different amounts of time. Iconic

Memory is a property of the human mind. It describes the ability to retain information. There are different types of classifications for memory based on duration, nature and retrieval of items.

This led to the assumption that there was a sensory buffer, a very short-lived memory store also known as echoic memory, which could hold on to unattended material for just a few seconds prior to selective filtering (Naish, 2010).

Iconic memory is perhaps the most researched of the sensory registers. It is only limited to field of vision. That is, as long as the stimulus has entered the field of vision there is no limit to how many amount of visual information iconic memory can hold at any time. As such, this memory only holds information for visual stimuli such as shape, size, color, and even location. The biggest limitation of iconic memory is the rapid decay of the information stored as items in it decay after only 0.5-1.0 seconds.

Memory is defined as "the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information." Our memory can be compared to a computer's information processing system. To remember an event we need to get information into our brain which is encoding, store the information and then be able to retrieve it. The three-stage processing model of Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin suggests that we record information that we want to remember first as a fleeting sensory memory and then it is processed into a short term memory bin where we encode it ( pay attention to encode important or novel stimuli) for long-term memory and later retrieval. The premise for the three step process is that we are unable to focus on too much

In general, there are three types of memory: sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory. Sensory memory, by definition, is the preservation of information in its original sensory form, for a fraction of a second. This means that when you smell, touch and/or see anything, the impression of the occurrence will last for a couple of moments. This

Our five senses are constantly being battered by new sights, sounds and smells from the environment. For us to make appreciate these senses, there is an initial process that transforms these new sensations or information - it’s called sensory memory (Woolfolk & Margetts 2016). I would describe it as a temporary holding cell that stores new sensations to allow processing to take place.