“Men are disturbed not by things, but by the view which they take of them” – Epictetus Albert

The concept of the theory that makes it the most appropriate for the client in the case study is Rational Emotive Behavioral. According to Nielsen, Ridley, and Johnson “REBT also bears a strong theoretical affinity with some religions because of its preferred therapeutic goal of helping clients examine and change their beliefs.” Therefore, Rational Emotive Behavior will help Ana not to feel depressed or anxious. It will help Ana with unhealthy feelings and behaviors. Rational Emotive Behavioral will help Ana identify the unwanted behavior and help her feel better. The frame work of Rational Emotive Behavior assumes that individuals have rational and irrational tendencies. Irrational are thoughts that prevent from meeting the goals. Irrationals are also thoughts that lead to conflict and to unhealthy behavior. A rational thought leads to accomplishing goals that lead to success. Ana is currently depressed and anxious and the rational emotive behavior will help Ana with the irrational tendencies she is experiencing.

Psychoanalysis is a therapy of psychological theory that aims to treat mental illnesses based on the concepts of Sigmund Freud, who emphasized the importance of free association and dream analysis. The model of psychoanalysis aim is to release repressed emotion and experiences, by making unconscious thoughts, conscious. The fundamental principles of psychoanalysis are practiced by putting an emphasis on the patient to gain insight into the origins of their respective problems like a patient presenting symptoms of anxiety would be encouraged by a licensed professional to explore their past, in hopes of discovering problems that manifested the anxiety. The anxiety created may be a defense mechanism directed towards displacement in their world.

In contrast, the adaptive features of these behaviours are more obscure even to the individuals themselves. Often they can not explain the real reasons for their behaviour because the reasons are outside of their conscious awareness. In fact, if they were aware of what motivated their behaviour, they could possibly change it, either through their own efforts or by asking for help and getting support from therapists or friends and family. Therefore the presence of a symptom signals that the individual has an underlying conflict.

According to REBT, certain values promote emotional adjustment and mental health. Which of the following is not one of these values?

The six models of psychological abnormality detailed in this chapter each present a different set of assumptions and explanations for abnormal functioning. These models all interrupt a person’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors and examine them as being caused or initiated by various and ranging factors. Although each model has its strengths, none can claim a full explanation of abnormal functioning and therefore, no one model can be deemed best or more correct than another. The model of psychological abnormality that appeals to me the most is the psychodynamic model, founded by Sigmund Freud at the turn on the twentieth century. Freud and his colleagues developed a revolutionary model for explaining psychological abnormality that would

PSYCHOLOGY Custom Edition for Bergen Community College: (pages 150-151, chapter 4, altered states 4.7 & 4.8)

Psychology explores human behavior and the human mental process figuring ways to improve the thinking and attitude of an individual’s existence. Sometimes, different techniques are used and tried to properly resolve the problem within the multitude of possible behavioral issues. Moreover, Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist, developed many theories, psychodynamic therapy, for clinically treating people with mental health problems through their unconscious mind; Then, Sigmund Freud’s theories or therapy, rather, diverged into other types of therapies such as Biological Psychology or Cognitive Psychology. No doubt, there are various perspectives, both strong and weak, in the field of Psychology using different techniques on different

Carson, R., Butcher, J., and Mineka, S. (2000). Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life, Eleventh Edition. Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.

As children, we are ignorant about the world. The things that are put in front of us are usually the most important. As young adults, what is on the outside is more favorable than what is on the inside. However, we are not ignorant children or self-centered young adults, we have to focus on every detail and have some in depth knowledge as to why things are the way they are. In regards to psychological disorder, singling out one factor gives insufficient information in regards to mental health related outcomes. George E. Engle came up with a model that equally represents all the factors that he believes determines psychological disorders, he called it the Biopsychosocial model.

Psychoanalytic criticism originated in the work of Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, who pioneered the technique of psychoanalysis. Freud developed a language that described, a model that explained, and a theory that encompassed human psychology. His theories are directly and indirectly concerned with the nature of the unconscious mind. Through his multiple case studies, Freud managed to find convincing evidence that most of our actions are motivated by psychological forces over which we have very limited control (Guerin 127). One of Freud’s most important contributions to the study of the psyche is his theory of repression: the unconscious mind is a repository of repressed desires,

Sigmund Freud created strong theories in science and medicine that are still studied today. Freud was a neurologist who proposed many distinctive theories in psychiatry, all based upon the method of psychoanalysis. Some of his key concepts include the ego/superego/id, free association, trauma/fantasy, dream interpretation, and jokes and the unconscious. “Freud remained a determinist throughout his life, believing that all vital phenomena, including psychological phenomena like thoughts, feelings and phantasies, are rigidly determined by the principle of cause and effect” (Storr, 1989, p. 2). Through the discussion of those central concepts, Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis becomes clear as to how he construed human character.

Psychoanalysis is a therapy and also a theory which was produced by Sigmund Freud. This therapy stress that human behavior and emotion are unconsciously cause by their past experience and drive in the unconscious part and the client doesn’t know them. The therapist always uses this therapy to help the client understand more emotion and

A debate rages in psychology. It is not one of the usual kind, dwelling on a specific aspect of the mind or a new drug, but a controversy dealing with the very foundations of psychology. The issue is determining how psychologists should treat patients and on what psychologists base their choices. Some feel that they must be empirically-supported treatments, treatments backed by hard data and scientifically supported. Others feel that this standard for treatments is much too confining for the complex field of psychology and that many good treatments cannot be backed by hard data. The American Psychological Association President Task Force on Evidence-Based Treatment came out with a plan for psychology that effectively maintains a high

The Psychoanalytic approach to human behaviour was founded by Sigmund Freud – neurologists who believed that the key

At the age of 40 in 1896, Sigmund Freud introduced the world to a new term- psychoanalysis (Gay 1). Psychoanalysis is a method of treating patients with different nervous problems by involving them in dialogues which provide the physician with insight into the individual’s psyche. These dialogues provided the basis for Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, which “attempts to explain personality, motivation, and psychological disorders by focusing on the influence of early childhood experiences, on unconscious motives and conflicts, and on the methods people use to cope with their sexual and aggressive urges” (Weiten 363). Part of this theory involves the structure of the mind. This is a concept that touches