Meningitis – Pathophysiology Meningitis occurs from microbes binding to nasopharyneal cells in an individual and then cross the mucosal barrier
This cell attaches to the choroid plexus and enter the CSF
Since the CSF flows in the subarachnoid space, infection spreads rapidly through the coverings of the brain
Inflammatory response to infection leads to increased ICP, and pia arachnoid layers become edematous
It also leads to purulent exudate that covers the surface of the brain and fills the sulci, causing the surface to appear flat
The exudate is present in the CSF, and the blood vessels on the surface of the brain which appears diluted
Bacterial meningitis is the swelling of the meninges. In the back of the brain, there are three protective membranes called the meninges (Mandal). During bacterial meningitis, bacteria invade the brain. This causes the immune system to enter and try to stop the disease (Mandal). In doing so, the meninges swell to stop the spread the virus, but this unfortunately causes damage to the brain and spinal area (Mandal). A person would get bacterial meningitis if their body was invaded by some of the germs that can cause it.
In the most severe cases, this can cause injury to the brain. Infection can also spread to the inner ear, damaging the hair cells in the cochlea or causing inflammation of the auditory nerve, resulting in sensorineural
Occurs when there is intracranial bleedinginto thee cerebro-spinalfluidd- filled the space betweenarcaned andPiaamaterr membrane on the brain surface figure (9). The main cause to SAH remains a rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. Aneurysm (is a balloon on the blood vessel 's side as a result
The first resource I utilized was Upright-Health. On this website I found an article titled "Cerebrospinal Fluid" that gave an overview on where the cerebrospinal fluid is made and how it moves from the production site to the rest of the body. It stated that the cerebrospinal fluid, also called CSF, flows throughout the body by its differences in pressure. This cerebrospinal fluid flow is sometimes known as the third circulation of the brain. Normally, the fluid has a very low pressure that is only moderately higher than the pressure in the veins and the brain. The flow begins where the cerebrospinal fluid is produced, which is the highest point of pressure. The CSF is produced in the chambers of the brain, called the ventricles, through use of both an active and a passive process. The active process requires energy causing the cells lining the ventricles to secrete salt into the
CSF is produced by arterial blood coming mainly from the choroid plexus at a rate of about 500 ml per day. The clear, colorless fluid bathes the external surfaces its canals and ventricles. CSF protects the brain when jolted. It also keeps the brain buoyant and regulates the chemical environment of the brain. CSF reabsorbed by the arachnoid granules almost as quickly as it is produced, leaving about 150 mL in the body at any given time. CSF is found in the four ventricles of the brain which narrow into the central canal.
inhibitory signals from the glia and the extracellular environment and forms scars rapidly. Not much
This area is normally filled with Cerebrospinal fluid, which acts as A type of cushion that protects the brain from damage
This means that it makes it difficult to get any therapeutic drugs to the brain. The blood brain barrier blocks out about 98% of small molecules and 100% of large-molecules pharmaceutics. This meant that most of the therapy that would be used comes in at a later stage when the barrier is compromised. Not only does the blood brain barrier block out most pharmaceutics but it also prevents any imaging contrast agents from entering for early diagnosis. Though by conventional means, getting a diagnosis is not possible, the blood brain barrier does allow all the oxygen and such to enter, meaning that it has a selective transport and that means that there is a way somehow to work around getting through the blood brain barrier
disease and Alzheimer’s. Severe infection that has spread to the brain, epilepsy, stroke, and the late
CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) is the fluid that bathes the brain and spinal cord. It is formed in the ventricles of the brain and follows a course down the spinal column and back up to the brain, where it is reabsorbed into the bloodstream.
Prior to 2009, 90% of people suffering from Autoimmune Encephalitis were undiagnosed, or misdiagnosed. Thanks to the help of modern day doctors, discoveries have been made to treat the victims of Autoimmune Encephalitis. Autoimmune Encephalitis, or AE, is an infection where the immune system attacks the brain, impairing function (McDow, Will). This infection results in brain inflammation; this is the swelling of blood vessels in the brains tissue caused by a malfunction in another body system (McDow, Will). Also, although this disease has been recently discovered, the disease itself has been around for many years. In 2005, Dr. Josep Dalmau discovered an antibody to fight against the disease; now there are twenty two known antibodies. Because
N. meningitides specifically is carried in nasal mucosa and secretions and concentrates in the nasopharynx of those it will infect (Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle, & Cheever, 2010). Once the offending bacteria reach the central nervous system (CNS), it replicates and undergoes lysis, which releases endotoxins (Porth & Matfin, 2009). These cell
The blood brain barrier protects brain cells from harmful substances, as well as, pathogens, by preventing passage of many substances from blood into brain tissue.
Meningitis is a contagious infection of the cerebrospinal fluid and inflammation of the meninges, the nearby membrane that covers the spinal cord and brain. Both the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid serve as protectors
Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, membranes that surround the brain. This can extend as far as infecting the cerebral spinal fluid on top of causing the tissue to swell. Meningitis comes in two major forms; bacterially and virally. However, having bacterial meningitis is much more severe than viral meningitis. There is a lot more danger in having a bacterial infection within the brain than a viral infection within the brain. What makes bacterial meningitis so lethal is that “even when the disease is diagnosed early and adequate treatment is started, 5% to 10% of patients die, typically within 24 to 48 hours after the onset of symptoms. Left untreated, up to 50% of cases may die, (6) or there