Meningitis : Viral And Bacterial

It is an acute inflamation of the protictive membrane in the brain and spinal cored, known collectively as the Meninges. B. The inflammation can be cause by infection within the viruses, bacterias or orther micro organism or even drugs. C. It can be life-threatining because the inflammation is in the brain and spinal cord.

Meningococcal disease is a disease that can be found worldwide. Meningococcal disease refers to any disease or illness that is caused by the type of bacteria called Neisseria meningitides, also called meningococcus (Meningococcal disease, 2015). The first documented outbreak was over two hundred years ago in Geneva in 1805 which circulated rapidly and killed thirty three people. The first case ever recorded in America was in 1806 in Medford, Massachusetts (Fredericks, n.d.). A European physician, Professor A Weichselbaum, discovered the cause of the mysterious cerebro-spinal meningitis illness in 1887 and Penicillin was the first antibiotic used to fight the disease. In 1978 the first

Meningitis, also known as spinal meningitis, is a viral or bacterial infection causing inflammation of the membranes, called meninges. Meninges act as a natural protective barrier that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. When the barrier is permeable, infections are able to transmit a disease in or through and cause serious or even fatal effects. There are different causes for the different categories of meningitis resulting in different symptoms and severities in each.

Meningitis is a contagious infection of the cerebrospinal fluid and inflammation of the meninges, the nearby membrane that covers the spinal cord and brain. Both the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid serve as protectors

Meningitis is an infection of the fluid of a person’s spinal cord and fluid that surrounds a person’s brain. It is sometimes referred to as Spinal Meningitis. It’s usually caused by either a bacterial or viral infection. As you read through this paper you will learn how Meningitis is transmitted, its symptoms, its effects, and even the incidences it has caused.

Meningococcal Meningitis is the inflammation of the protective coverings of brain and spinal cord called the meninges. Meningococcal Meningitis is caused by the Neisseria meningitidis bacteria (Theobald, M, 2014). There are five forms of meningitis, bacterial being the most fatal. The other form types are viral, parasitic, fungal, and non-infectious. Meningococcal Meningitis can also be caused by other bacterium called Streptococcus pneumoniae, group B Streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, and, Listeria monocytogenes (CDC, 2016). Without any treatment of meningitis, it can spread into the blood and cause sepsis--when chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection, trigger inflammatory responses throughout the body. This inflammation can trigger a cascade of changes that can damage multiple organ systems, causing them to fail (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2016). Meningitis is usually caused as a secondary infection when it makes its way into the central nervous

1. What type of agar is used for the growth of these bacteria? The identification of N. meningitides, H. influenza and S. pneumonia can be done through the cytology of CSF and through the specifics of colony morphology on blood or chocolate agar.

Meningococcal Meningitis is the infection and inflammation of the meninges. Newborns and infants are at greatest risk for contracting bacterial meningitis with Neisseria meningitides being the typical pathogen in the majority of children age 2 months through 12 years (London, Ladewig, Ball, Bindler, & Cowen, 2011). There is a mortality rate of 10% for children who develop meningitis from this particular bacterium (Muller, 2013).

Bacterial Meningitis is the most common form of suppurative CNS infection. It causes decreased consciousness, seizures, raised intracranial pressures and stroke and fever. The organism most often responsible are:

Meningitis is associated several unpleasant symptom such as fever, vomiting, headache, limb pain, and neck stiffness(Refernce). The severity of symptom varies according to the type of pathogen , duration of illness and the age of child( feign1992 ). .According to the recent evidence based reports, Suspected bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency, and immediate diagnostic steps must be taken to establish the specific cause so that appropriate antimicrobial therapy can be initiated. The mortality rate of untreated bacterial meningitis approaches 100 percent and, even with optimal therapy, morbidity and mortality may occur. Neurologic sequelae are common among survivors.meningities is considered as medical emergency required Now, of course, the admission to hospital can be unpleasant for the child and the use of antibiotics itself might cause some adverse effect. However, the illness syndrome and complications results in much more suffering over a longer duration than does the

Meningitis has been seen throughout ancient history, Tuberculous meningitis was the first one to be describe by Edinburgh physician Sir Robert Whytt in 1768. Even though Tuberculous meningitis was the first to be describe, Meningitis outbreaks was first record in Geneva in 1805, however, in Africa the first outbreak of Meningitis was in 1804. By the second half of the 20th century, influenza A and B were linked to the cause of Meningitis. Meningitis history of vaccines was in 1906. In 1944, Penicillin was reported to be effective against meningitis. Georg Joachmann in Germany and Simon Flexner in America first introduced the first successful treatment of meningitis.

Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges of the brain and/or spinal cord. There are five types of meningitis: bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, and non-infectious. Meningitis is more often seen in children and acute bacterial meningitis can be fatal if not treated in the early stages. Five types of pathogens - E. coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Haemophilus influenza type b and group b streptococcus - have previously been reported as the top causes of meningitis. From January 2012 through December 2015, 3mL samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 179 children (120 males, 59 females) ranging in age from three days old to 12 years old, with acute bacterial meningitis, were tested and studied for antibiotic susceptibilities of CSF pathogens.

There are three different types of meningitis; viral, fungal, and bacterial meningitis. Although not as common as viral meningitis, bacterial meningitis is more likely to leave individuals with permanent disabilities. In children, disabilities can range from deafness, hearing loss, and cerebral palsy? the most common after effects. And in adults, septic shock, brain swelling, and hydrocephalus are most likely to occur if the disease advances without treatment within a sufficient time period. The three main bacteria responsible for bacterial meningitis are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenza type B (Hib), and neisseria meningitidis.

Neisseria meningitidis has been around for hundreds of years and has been one of the major causes of bacterial meningitis worldwide. This non endospore forming diplococcus, aerobic, gram negative bacterial pathogen is exclusive only to humans and is a challenge worldwide. Over 500,000 cases occur each year which makes it in the top ten infectious cause of death worldwide [7]. Physical and mental side effects are often a permanent outcome for patient that survive Neisseria meningitidis. Neisseria meningitidis is located in the back of the nose or throat in around 1 to 10, which show no signs of disease transient microbiota. When a patient that carries this bacterium, but doesn 't show any signs, is know as a asymptomatic carrier.

Aseptic meningitis, otherwise known as Viral meningitis, is a viral infection that causes the lining of the brain and spinal cord to be inflamed. There are numerous viruses that can generate this infectious disease causing it to be life threatening in some cases. This is a common disease, but there’s less than 200,000 cases known in the US every year. This is an airborne disease, which means it can be contracted by coughing, sneezing, etc. Most people who get this recover between 7-10 days without any antibiotics but different types of meningitis do have to be treated with medications.( CDC, 2014) It’s important to be