Menopause Research Paper

and fallopian tubes. Estrogen also stimulates the growth of the external female genitalia and breasts. Fat distribution in the female is also controlled by estrogen. The non-reproductive functions of estrogen include reduction of LDL (bad cholesterol) and an increase in HDL (good cholesterol). Estrogen also preserves bone strength by slowing down cells involved in bone break down. Estrogen concentrations in the body decrease post menopause which is why women suffer from osteoporosis later in life (Parl, 2000). Estrogen utilizes a positive feedback loop by increasing the production of gonadotropin releasing hormone in the hypothalamus which then increases the release of FSH and lutenizing hormone. This increase in FSH and LH prepare the uterus

Testosterone blocker and antiandrogen I take daily in a pill form, however for the Estrogen I chose to use an intramuscular injectable, which I inject myself every two weeks. Which brings us to my fear of needles! Even after all of the advanced medical training in Special Forces, I am still very uncomfortable with the needles and now I had to inject myself. Oh My! Desire to get rid of my male body and start the biological transition quickly overcame my fear and to this day I do it even if it seems impossible. I will say, that every time my heart still beats twice as fast during the process and sometimes it can be very painful, but like the old cliche - beauty is worth the sacrifice. With time I will post a how-to video from a medical professional of how to inject yourself

Parts of your body, usually the face and neck, become flush and may appear red. This sudden feeling of heat can also be followed by heavy sweating and cold shivering. Hot flashes can last between 30 seconds and 10 minutes (Trien 45). Nights sweats are when you experience a hot flash while sleeping. Sometimes they are severe enough to wake you out of a sound sleep. Not everyone who has hot flashes gets them at night. However, those who have night sweats always have hot flashes during the day as well.

Hot flushes and night sweats are the most common symptoms of menopause. Potential triggers such as caffeine, smoking, alcohol, an overheated room, the wrong clothing and spicy food can all exacerbate these and other menopause symptoms. Keep a diary of where you were and what you were doing and within a

While these options are not as effective for some as they are others, it is important to educate and include the patient in the decision making process. According to Santen (2015), black cohosh is not recommended to treat hot flashes or any other menopause symptom. Also, studies suggest that black cohosh can stimulate breast tissue similar to estrogen and most studies revealed the same effect as placebos during study trials (Santan, Loprinzi, & Casper, 2016). I would educate my patient about this information and go over her risk factors with her. If she had history or family history of breast cancer, I would not recommend. Otherwise, I would offer this supplement is an option before going to hormone therapy. In some cases, this product may provide relief of symptoms or at least make the symptoms more tolerable for them. I would tell my patient that this product is fairly expensive, and the active ingredient can be bought in other brands that are much

in contrast to the mechanism of action of anti-estrogens such as clomiphene (Clomid) or tamoxifen (Nolvadex), which block estrogen receptors in

There has been conflicting research and advice about the safety of hormones with the increase in the aging female population within the last twenty years (National Institute on Aging). Hormone therapy has demonstrated to be the most effective FDA approved medication in the relief of menopausal symptoms, but these benefits must be weighed against serious adverse effects that hormones can cause. Although many women differ in their response to hormone products, MHT has been universally linked to an increased risk of heart disease, heart attack, blood clots, and strokes. Concerns about the findings discovered in the clinical and observation trials performed on MHT, have left some doctors and women hesitant in utilizing MHT to combat menopausal

Many women start wondering when menopause will hit because they can’t take the pain of their monthly period. Other women want to stay abreast of the menopause clock because they are still trying to have children. Menopause, of the stopping of the menstrual cycle, can occur in a women who are as early as 40. Such women can see symptoms in their 30s, as well.

A.P. is presenting with a variety of clinical signs and symptoms that would be indicative of menopausal transition. She has expressed symptoms such as flushing, hot flushes/flashes, changes in mood and memory as well as the symptom of vaginal atrophy (Buttaro et al., 2017). The disease process of depression can be associated with menopausal transition. Menopausal transition can also incorporate signs of depression concurrent with the diagnosis of hormonal changes (Studd & Panay, 2004). The patient does state she is having difficulty concentrating, however she is reporting hot flashes and not cold intolerance. She does not complain of dry skin or pedal edema, hair loss, bradycardia or delayed tendon reflexes. This is why a provider could clinically

Menopause is defined as the point after not having a menstrual cycle for a complete year (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015). Perimenopause occurs around the time of menopause, where a woman may not have a regular cycle every month leading up to menopause (Stoppler & Shiel, 2014). Surgical menopause occurs after a woman has an oophorectomy, removal of the ovaries, or a hysterectomy, removal of the ovaries and uterus (Stoppler & Shiel, 2014). In surgical menopause, there is no perimenopause and a woman may or may not have menopause symptoms, depending on the type of surgery (Stoppler & Shiel, 2014). Stress menopause is when menopause is induced by stress and stressful events around the time of perimenopause have an impact on emotional symptoms of menopause (Stoppler & Shiel, 2014). Post-menopause is referred to the point in a women’s life after she has gone through menopause (Stoppler & Shiel, 2014).

Since the term “menopause” refers to the cessation of a woman's menstruation cycle, the symptoms that occur prior to this are referred to as “peri-menopause.” The symptoms begin a few years before the end point, and they are uncomfortable to say the least. Hot flashes, mood-swings, weight gain, and trouble sleeping are just a few of them. They are caused by the sudden decrease in the production of progesterone and estrogen in the body, which are the most predominant amount of hormones that a woman has. The more that the hormone levels drop, the worse that the

Of particular interest are those chemicals, which mimic the female hormone of estrogen, which is

According to Lock (2001), Japanese women experience less menopausal symptoms. Their society have equal diffusion of wealth, low poverty and equal access to healthcare and social benefits. Most Japanese women are highly educated and tend to take care of their health. With the society focused on the health of their individuals, Japanese women are better equipped to take charge of their health. Diet and exercise which are the main contributing factors to the healthy population. Women in the Japanese culture tend to not smoke and drink small amounts of coffee and alcohol. Their nutritional diet is composed of low fat foods, high in vegetables and soy beans. Soy beans are rich of estrogen that help decrease the onset of menopause symptoms. Similarly, in the Japanese culture, many people drink tea and eat herbal medicine that contain high amounts of estrogen. (p. 500) Japanese women have been taught in society that being healthy is the key to a better life and their actions to continue to do help prove that notion. As a result, it goes to show that menopausal symptoms can be slowed down with the healthy maintenance of one’s body and staying active.

Women’s health issues require separate and unique attention from the medical world. Women represent the transition that society is also facing in regard to economics, health and wellness issues. ‘Healthy mind does, indeed produce a healthy body’. While, women are suffering from various health issues from past. Although, men and women share many health concerns. Women health issues include conditions that only effect women anatomy such as from child birth, pregnancy, menstruation till menopause. These issues can cause problems to the next generation as well. This paper will explore the various health issues to the women by looking specifically at the unique concerns to the women such as women’s mental health, breast cancer and gestational

Mitchel and Barnes (2005) note that menopause or peri-menopause has the effect of increasing depressive symptoms or initiating the onset of depressive symptoms. A systematic review of literature on the impact of menopause on the course of bipolar disorder indicate that postmenopausal women reported worsening mood symptoms particularly depression (Mitchel & Barnes, 2005). A study by Dalal and Agarwal (2015) on postmenopausal syndrome found that 75% of women investigated experienced vasomotor symptoms; in some case the symptoms lasted for up to 10 years. The symptoms included hot flushes, emotional lability, difficulty in concentrating and insomnia. The highlighted symptoms are similar to bipolar disorder symptoms.