Merchant Jones Act : The Merchant Marine Act Of 1920

In addition, Rediker builds upon such economic themes in another of his works, Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: Merchant Seamen, Pirates, and the Anglo-American Maritime World, 1700-1750. This monograph details the seamen’s personal experiences in order to highlight the larger historical themes at hand, including the rise of capitalism, the creation of free labor, and the growth of an international working class.

Our country was a maritime nation at its birth in 1775 and still is today. Four of Five capitals are within 300 miles of a coast, demonstrating the importance of an infantry force from the sea to national security. Together, the individual Marine, similar indoctrination, "every Marine a rifleman", and our maritime heritage make up the Marine tradition.

When the international slave trade was banned in 1808, it did not put a stop the trade of slaves. Since slaves could no longer be traded internationally, the domestic slave trade blossomed into an even larger part of America’s economy. Beforehand, when international trade was allowed, “ten to eleven million people were packed beneath the slave ship decks and sent to the New World” and “behind the numbers lie the horrors of the Middle Passage: chained slaves forced to dance themselves into shape on the decks; the closed holds, where men and women were separated from one another and chained into the space of a coffin; the stifling heat and untreated illness, the suicides and slave revolts, the dead thrown over-board as the ships passed on” Judging based on this information alone, one

The effects of globalization can easily be defined and shown by the death of small town culture in and around the southern states. The term, globalization, is essentially a term used to make an ugly truth seem appealing and thought-provoking. When in actuality, it can be more easily defined and understood as cheap labor not burdened by employee safety and fare wages. The movement of labor off-shore from the United States was done for one reason , labor cost. This move was especially favorable for large corporations because mostly in Asia there is no OSHA, no EPA, and certainly no Union influence.

Blackbeard was a brave and most outspoken sea rovers who operated during early 1700s in the coastal regions of the English Southern parts of the New world. His piracy activities, together with his co-pirates are key sectors in United States of America’s history. Happening in the time eminently known as the golden age of piracy, their brave advances in sea robbery facilitated the gradual demise of sea hijacking and theft on the deep seas.1

Ferreiara & Prokopets go on to write about the actual costs consuming companies by providing a list of increases associated with offshoring. Topping the list were ocean freight costs which have risen by 135% (p. 2). At first reading of the article it is conceivable that the authors are building their case to show the negative impacts of offshoring but the reality here is that these prices fluctuate often and can change day to day. These price range increases were indicated to be from 2005-2008 but there is also research that suggests the prices have

The Jones Act is a common topic of discussion for politicians and mariners. It creates complication in the shipping industry by increasing the cost to transport goods from one American port to another. Increased shipping cost cause increases to the price of goods that are transported via ship. Due to the increased price of goods, places like Hawaii, Guam, Alaska, and Puerto Rico suffer. These US territories and states are separated from the motherland by bodies of water. For places such as Hawaii and Puerto Rico to receive goods from the US they must adhere to the Jones Act and pay the inflated shipping cost. A Complete repeal of the Jones has the potential to fix economic problems such as these. However, it would bring up more problems, such as a decrease in the jobs.

Relaxing the Jones Act would lead to an economic boost for many industries across the nation, and provide more goods at lower prices for American consumers. However, many Americans re simply unaware of the impact that the extra shipping costs of the Jones Act has on their lives, and therefore efforts to

The origins of modern piracy can be traced back to the 17th century when European states began to commercially compete for trade routes via the high seas to exploit new markets for trade and resources. At the time oceans, lacked any regulation, law, and order. Countries such as England, France, and Spain hired pirate groups to attack enemy ships and steal materials that were found on board. This time period is often referred to as the Golden Age of Piracy, however, piracy continues to occur even today. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of attacks on vessels by pirates, particularly in the Gulf of Aden, Somali Basin and the Indian Ocean.

“The Commerce Clause provides Congress with the power to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations and the several States”. (Jennings 2015) Many companies involved in the business of trade are affected by the commerce clause in some form or fashion. One of the most common affect

If you have ever visited some of America’s most western paradises such as Hawaii or Guam, you would know that just about everything from utilities to groceries are generally more expensive as compared to the prices of those in the mainland United States Citizens, businesses, and lawmakers alike in these areas believe that the Jones Act limits competition in the market with its standards that create high barriers to entry, limited market, and a breeding ground for monopolies and illegal price fixing. Supporters of the Jones Act believe that it is beneficial to the United States since the act enhances national security, protects the domestic shipbuilding industry from foreign competition, and provides reliable, higher quality shipping services. This debate has been going on for several years, but has recently re-emerged when representatives from Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Guam met in a video conference last March to discuss ideas of reforming the Jones Act to open up the market and lower the overall cost of living those areas. If the Jones Act is reformed, Guam and Hawaii would see a greater benefit from the elimination of the U.S. shipbuilding requirement.

So the obligations of an eighteenth century merchant were not only a financial consideration, but a social contract between peers. Those who fell outside of this social order would quickly find themselves cut off from the other members of their profession. This exclusion from the social fraternity could effectively end a merchant house, so the majority of merchants observed these social relationships with due diligence. Merchants began business ventures for a multitude of reasons; travel, adventure, prestige, familial obligations and profit were all motivational factors. With this diverse range of motivations, such a group could not sustain these newly formed capitalist networks through the principles of profit alone. So it was this social framework, built on trust not profit motive that constructed the initial trade networks that capitalism relied upon.

Alcock and Brown took off with their first transatlantic flight departing from Newfoundland and crossing the Atlantic Ocean in 1919 while enduring the unusual events. The Air Navigation Act 1920 supports the reactions of the aircraft in air and preventing any lawsuit against aviation industry such as pollution and damages to a local area. Their influence shown the aviation industry that an aircraft could travel non-stop to a long and short distance whether there are extreme weathers.

Margareth Mc Millan (1860-1931) and her sister established an open-air nursery for poor children in Deptford, England. With a strong emphasis on children's health and well-being, Mc Millan's theoretical and practical education of young children combined exercise and fresh air at the heart of children's play. Margret Mc Millan and Grace Owen were involved in the passage of the Fisher Act of 1918 this act gave Local Education Authorities power to provide nursery classes or schools for children between the ages of two and five years. The act incorporated many ideas and beliefs that McMillan had been adopting for years, including attention to the health, nourishment, and physical welfare of young children.

Are you concerned about pirate attacks on your ocean voyages? Although it may only seem like a good movie plot, the threat of piracy still exists. Nowadays, pirate incidents are often not covered in mainstream media. One researcher commented on the topic, saying that piracy has “…been romanticized in such films as Disney’s Pirates of the Caribbean” (Lunsford, “What Makes Piracy Work?”). Nevertheless, pirates have proved their aggressive behavior through history and their effects on society. Modern and past pirates share similarities and differences, and countries around the world are looking for ways to control the issue before it spreads.