Metabolic Syndrome (T2DM)

Metabolic Syndrome Metabolic syndrome has an enormous impact the United States economically. Heart disease, diabetes, and obesity are all the result of metabolic syndrome and each requires a tremendous amount of health care. Hormone imbalances can be part of the cause which require medication and hormone supplements which are costly. Unhealthy bodies break down faster and which means they require treatment longer.

Diabetes Mellitus is the metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of blood glucose that is caused by deficiency of production of insulin, action of insulin, or may be both of them. The uncontrollable output of hepatic glucose and reduced uptake of glucose by the skeletal muscle with reduced synthesis of glycogen lead to hyperglycaemia. Diabetes is a complicated disease; it can affect mostly every organ of our body and causes devastating consequences.

Children can reduce the risk of being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes by changing their eating habits and participate in physical activity. Weight in children has become a great concern because more children are becoming overweight or obese, hence increases the number of cases of children being exposed for pre-diabetes or already have the disease. According to Wilson, type 2 diabetes is more common in individuals with a family history of diabetes and in young female adults (2013). Furthermore, when children are diagnosed with this disease it places them more at risk for other non-communicable diseases such as heart disease. Hence, they are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease and blindness. Children with the presence of insulin resistance have a high risk for type 2 diabetes. Most of the children affected are minority overweight children (International Journal of Obesity, 2009).

Teens and children in North America are starting to suffer from diabetes at such an earlier age. This disease tends to be more common with children that are overweight. “..type 2 diabetes affect about 186,000 youth under age 20.”(Kaufman ,et al., 2009) Diabetes is very common when people create a diet full on unhealthy foods, no portion control and limited to no physical activity at all. Maintaining a healthy diet but also lifestyle is key when it comes to lowering your risk for diabetes. “Careful ongoing

Over the last three decades there has been a steady increase in childhood and adolescent type II diabetes. One of the issues for the cause of the increase in this form of diabetes is obesity. Obesity is not always a factor for type II diabetes, but it is one the children and adolescents. A reason that this is also a problem is there is not enough research or data for treatments or way to help prevent type II diabetes in this young age range. When studies are done it is mainly on children in of the same backgrounds and ethnicities. Researches and physicians both agree that more information is need to educate and treat the young population. While more information is useful, it would be helpful to start early education, before diabetes has a chance to start in childhood. Exercise and nutrition programs can be started to help parents and children be aware of all the possible dangers that diabetes can cause to the body. These programs can also show the other diseases that can develop form having this avoidable and curable disease.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported with increased frequency over the last twenty years in adolescents and children in the United States. As a result of T2DM glucose metabolism within the body of affected adolescents and children is severely compromised. Formerly known as adult onset and/or insulin resistant diabetes T2DM occurs due to the cell inability to properly use insulin which then results in lowered secretion of insulin as well as insulin resistance. Proactive steps if taken during pre-diabetic stages in the form of increased activity, dietary changes, weight reduction, and use of medicinal intervention in order to increase sensitivity to insulin and decrease production of glucose helps

Type 2 diabetes used to be known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and adult-onset diabetes, but it is increasingly common in children, largely due to children being more likely to be obese or overweight. In this condition, the body usually still produces some insulin, but this is not enough to meet demand, and the body’s cells do not properly respond to the insulin. The latter effect is called insulin resistance, where persistently elevated blood glucose has caused cells to be overexposed to insulin, making them less responsive or unresponsive to the hormonal messenger. People with type 2 diabetes require regular monitoring and on-going treatment to maintain normal or near-normal blood sugar levels. Treatment includes life-style adjustments, self-care measures and medications, which can minimize the risk of diabetes-related and cardiovascular complications (e.g. heart attack and

It is estimated that a change in lifestyle could reduce the incidence of Type 2 Diabetes by 28-59 percent (British Dietetic Association, 2010). Regular exercise can increase glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and can improve blood pressure and HDL cholesterol. With the promotion of exercise, weight losers can preserve muscle. Muscle contributes to at least 50-70 percent of energy expenditure confirming that regular exercise is vital to keeping weight loss. A regular exercise routine is also important in increasing the amount of sleep and the quality of sleep received. A stunted sleep duration is a cause of growth in body mass index as well as obesity (Scandinavian 2010). Finnish Diabetes Prevention study states that at least four hours of exercise weekly assisted by a healthy nutritional regiment and weight loss is effective in Type 2 Diabetes

Obesity in the United States has now become the number one cause of preventable death in our county and for the first time in the history of the world obesity has claimed more lives than malnutrition. Within the past 20 years we have seen a dramatic increase in diseases that are related to obesity and the most disturbing is Type II Diabetes in the adolescent population. Adolescent Type II Diabetes was unheard of before 1980 but within the last 20 years our country has witnessed a frightening change in this statistic.

“In 2010, an estimated 25.8 million people in the United States had diabetes mellitus, of which approximately 1 million have type 1 diabetes and most of the rest have type 2 diabetes ” (Papadakis et al., 2014) That means that in 2010 about 24.8 million people suffered from type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is impaired insulin secretion and variable degrees or peripheral insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia (Porter, Kaplan, 2011). Type II diabetes has become more prevalent in the United States due to the decrease in physical activity, the increase in obesity rates, and also the predisposition of genetic factors. In this paper I am going to cover description of history and the disease, etiology, signs and

Metabolic syndrome deals with a bunch of conditions usually with people who are insulin resistant which includes: “higher than normal blood glucose levels, increased weight size due to excess abdominal fat, high blood pressure, abnormal levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood.”19 The best ways to get rid of this syndrome is by losing weight, exercising, progressing the body’s response to insulin can reduce the cause of type two diabetes. Scientists believe that beta cell dysfunction is the main cause for type two diabetes. This dysfunction can cause insufficient or unusual patterns of insulin release. Although scientists have not found the cause of this beta cell dysfunction which causes type two diabetes, in most cases.19 This goes back to genetic inheritance in which the genes involved control the creation of the beta cells. One cause under investigation of beta cell dysfunction is having a poor diet early in the person’s life which causes type two

A study detailing the occurrences of T2DM(Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus), and correlating them with the epigenetic modifications, the possible heritable effects on body metabolism, and the potential processes underwent by exercise and diet choices which affect the epigenome across generations has been conducted.While research on the epigenetic signatures causing insulin resistance, influenced by exercise and physical activity, and attempts to identify therapeutic solutions to avoid obesity and boost insulin sensitivity has been undertaken, it is the lifestyle choices and other individual environmental factors which form the key causes of the epigenetic modifications influencing T2DM and obesity across generations. Recent cases have been

This is a multiple condition; high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels that occur together, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. Large waist circumference is a visible sign. Metabolic syndrome is linked to overweight or obesity and inactivity and also to insulin resistence, when cells don't respond normally to insulin, and glucose can't enter the cells as easily. As a result, glucose levels in your blood rise despite the body's attempt to control the glucose by producing more insulin.

In an effort to reduce the economic impact of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) in the United States, as well as to improve the quality of life in patients with T2D, a trillion dollar grant should be distributed amongst five categories with varying monetary allocations as such: 400 billion dollars to prevention and treatment of T2D, 200 billion dollars to the increased social awareness of T2D, 150 billion to the establishment of community health centers in various urban areas, 150 billion to further research on the biological mechanisms underlying insulin resistance in T2D, and the last 100 billion dollars to the development of better in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) monitoring and insulin delivery devices. In 2012, the total estimated cost of diabetes was

A major problem is the correlation of many of the features of this syndrome. In prospective studies, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) is linked to development of diabetes and correlated so with coronary artery disease. The predictive utility of the metabolic syndrome as a concept adds little to its constituent risk factors when they are used individually. The long term usefulness of the definition of the metabolic syndrome for intervention and identification in order to prevent diabetes and cardiovascular disease it is due to be