Methodology and Models for Residential Self Selection

For those only weakly committed to city living, particularly middle-class people who have serious difficulty with social diversity and who have clear housing alternatives, the "problem-free" suburbs become tempting. After an incident such as a car break-in or a bicycle theft, a "last straw" can make them leave. (249)

Urban sprawl is a concept that describes the spread of human populations from the major cities or urban areas into the low-density rural communities. Several factors are attributed to cause urban sprawl, such as lower land rates in rural areas, improved infrastructure, lack of effective urban planning, rise of population growth in the cities, and consumer preferences among others. Urban sprawl is considered to present significant benefits to individuals. For example, access of cheap land, better school systems in the suburbs, low crime rates and a sense of community. However, urban sprawl is considered undesirable due to factors like increasing the level of public expenditure in the development of infrastructure, increased health problems due to the spread of pollution, environmental degradation, and increased traffic in cities among others. This paper examines the concept of urban sprawl in the developing cities like the City of Edmonton, focusing on the policies that could be implemented to enhance population in the city and minimize the events of urban sprawl.

Transportation in the region has a long and successful past. However, public transportation has consistently taken a back seat to the personal automobile. There has been a strong core of persons who rely on public transportation to achieve mobility, and governmental

Many communities a part of metro Atlanta are against the expansion of public transportation since they believe that crime rates increase in their communities. There is also a distorted economic view associated with the main public transportation service. Many natives in Atlanta connect poverty with public transportation, resulting in a higher amount of people choosing to buy and rental vehicles or ride taxis instead of riding Marta. An additional hindrance of the progression of public transportation is gerrymandering, manipulating boundaries in order maintain desired

Everyone needs a house. Rich people poor people; all people are included. This is a problem, because housing costs a great deal of money. Poor people that can barely afford food and clothing also have a hard time finding reasonable housing. As a result, some live in unsafe and unhealthy conditions that are badly in need of repair. Poor people live in the central city for two different reasons. First, the farther away that you get from the central business district, the higher your transportation costs to get to your job (assuming that the job is located in the CBD). If you can not afford to commute to your work, you will be unable to keep your job, making you worse off economically. Therefore, you would chose to locate your residence close to your place of employment (closer to the CBD) in order to reduce your transportation costs. IF you live close enough to your place of employment, you may not need to use any form of transportation other then your feet, which doesn’t cost you anything but your time.

Another drawback lined to overcrowded cities is the smog that looms over the skies of cities such as Los Angeles, Denver, and Dallas. High population densities and over use of natural resources are responsible for this serious pollution. Pollution

The convenience of living in an urban or suburban neighborhood can be appealing to many people. Choosing between areas can sometimes be overwhelming for some individual. People are not only concerned about the safety of a community, but they are also concerned about the environment. Although some neighborhoods might look attractive, people should consider the expense that comes with it, and how commuting will affect them in the long run. Nevertheless, both neighborhoods have their specific advantages and disadvantages. When choosing between an urban or suburban neighborhood, it is important for people to research the community, the expense, and convenience

As cities urbanize there is a flowing system of uncertainty and mobility limiting practices. A system where, where people “belong” at any given time is fluid and ever changing or completely static. For members of lower socioeconomic class this mobility or static state is progressive and out of their control. This lack of control over their home results in displacement and ethnic enclaves. People higher on the socioeconomic ladder choose to leave their old homes and force people lower on the socioeconomic ladder to leave theirs to cluster in one area. A city can be a cluster and seen as undesirable one year then a trend is sparked and that city suddenly becomes to new frontier. Many factors play a role in why this fluidity or static state is

Since everyone owns a vehicle that means a lot of traffic where ever you go. There are many roads, streets, and highways that are expanding because the flow of traffic is so heavy. Most of the streets are more than two lanes of traffic in each direction. You see many types of cars on the road from big semi-trucks to small two door Hondas. Even though we have public transportation Tampa is just a fast moving city with a lot of people in cars. London on the other hand is a very tight squeeze where ever you go. The cars are very small usually little fiats because the parking is so hard. No one has a drive or garage you parallel park on the side of the street. It’s so mind blowing how close you have to park to the other cars it’s almost impossible how no one hits each other. There are hardly any major highways because everyone there takes the subway, train, or they walk. The roads are so small and narrow that there isn’t any room for big semi-trucks. Everything there is delivered in larger cars or vans.

Before this class I never gave a second to think about how and why people decide where to live. I thought people went looking for houses and bought the house they liked. I didn’t know all the other factors that went into finding a place to live. But truthfully I didn’t really care. I now believe the interaction of economic development strategies and spatial form in urban environments comes down to three things. It comes down to appealing to different people and cultures, segregation and inequality, and the three T’s of development (technology, talent, and tolerance).

When low-density or low development area start connect to other area by highways or roadways, population gradually growth due to commuting by automobile. The residents firstly increase; roads and parking lots spread over the area. The street network makes other supporting facilities followed. The development is from plot to plot and randomly.

As urban development progressively changes people’s living behaviors, gentrification has created new urban movements for everyone to follow. It refers to the special migration in population who is seeking either a better living space and/or a better employment environment through an intra-city moving. As many studies have discovered, the future global population growth will only take place in the urban area. It is projected to be a 70% of the 9 billion future populations to live in cities in 2050. (Maarten Hajer 61) As the observable trend along with the major bus routes in San Francisco and Oakland, it makes people believe that gentrification will become an unpreventable force to

An emerging issue is that of urban sprawl. While some aspects of urban sprawl has been seen since ancient times, this phenomenon has started gaining the most momentum in the past century, aided by the advancement of technology, especially with the rise of mass produced automobiles, houses and highway systems. Many people unknowingly contribute to this environmental problem, as is the nature of it. Urban sprawl deals with the growth of the suburbs, the area between the urban and rural areas of a city. Most of America’s largest cities and states, in terms of population, are prime examples of urban sprawl. Opponents of urban sprawl usually cite the government as a major cause of sprawl. The government may be a major catalyst of

The main aim of the study is to investigate the effect of rural-urban migration on four district of North West province.

Social environment of an individual is defined by “living and working environment of one person and community characteristics and able to be “experienced at numerous scales, frequently at the same time, including households, kin networks, neighborhoods, town, cities and regions”. This includes historical and authority relationships within communities. Schwanen and Mokhtarian (2005) defined as person environment healthy and residential neighborhood type “dissonance” is two associated concepts that have been used to deal with social determinants of behavior. The second concept has been used to see the sights mode choice in the situation of residential self-selection.