METHODS AND MATERIALS:
To perform this lab experiment individuals worked in pairs using a stethoscope to determine the heart rate using the radial and apical pulses. One person will need to take the apical pulse simultaneously as the other person takes a radial pulse. To do an accurate radial pulse palpate the artery with the middle and index finger, than count the number of pulses for 30 seconds and then times it by two to get the radial pulse for one minute. To do an accurate apical pulse reading take the stethoscope and place it under the breast between ribs 5 and 6 above the diaphragm at the apical part of the heart. Consequently, the person chosen to record their data should have taken their own radial pulse while the other person took their apical pulse with the stethoscope. Each member of your group should have been able to measure the apical and radial pulses at rest, at the same time, for exactly one minute and submit the data from all three. Each member of your group 's data should be recorded and collected with all data being placed on one master sheet and given to each individual that participated in this experiment. Make sure the data being collected was from all three experimental conditions initially at rest, after three minutes of exercise, and after one minute of recovery for both members involved. Once all the data is submitted, calculate the mean (average) heart rate for each experimental condition, there should be three averages for both the apical
This experiment was carried out as noted about in Procedure 1. The resting heart rate was established and used as a baseline value from which to compare all future deviations. While data could
The authors then share their analysis on the changes of heart rate and GSR at the many different points throughout their study.
A heart rate monitor could have been used instead of the manual method, which would produce a more accurate result of the heart rate measurement. (http://www.topendsports.com/testing/heart-rate-measure.htm).
In this assignment I will be introducing a formal report that is based on an investigation into how the body responds to exercise and which analyses the results from the investigation. The investigation involves myself and other pupils in my class. I will be doing the Harvard step test. the other pupils in my class will be monitoring my heart rate, breathing rate and temperature before and after the test.
All tests were conducted in the same posture; leaning over the lab table with elbows resting on the table and the head down. Students worked in groups of three to four, and each one took turn being the experimental subject, taking the pulse and handling the stopwatch. To measure the radial pulse manually, the subject’s palm was facing upward. The index and middle fingers were used to locate the pulse between the radial bone, which is on the same side as the thumb, and with a slight pressure, the pulse could be found.
Using the lab activity, observe and record the physiologic changes that occur during exercising using the following chart:
Once the patient was correctly hooked up to the EKG the BIOPAC Student Lab Program was started. Lesson five is the one we used for this experiment and once it had been chosen we label it and started the experiment. There were four conditions we needed to measure; the first being lying down. The subject was lying down relaxing on the cot. We clicked record and let it run for 20 seconds. The data resembled the chart below. If it did not we would have had to repeat the steps until it did.
7. After obtaining 10-20 seconds of stable heart rate values, rise rapidly to a standing position. Continue to record until the baseline heart rate has been achieved or until the end of the run. Data will be collected for 400 seconds.
The effects of heart rate on differing durations of exercise were studied in this experiment. For people, heart rate tends to increase as they perform physical exercises. The amount of beats per minute gradually increases as people perform physical activities. Heart rates taken before exercise are relatively low, and heart rates taken one minute after exercise increase significantly. Heart rates slowly begin to decrease after they are taken two minutes and three minutes after performing the step test, which is to be expected. The rates of intensity throughout exercise relates with changes in heart rate throughout the step test performed in the experiment (Karvonen 2012). The age of the participants affected the experiment, since the heart rate during physical exercise, in this case the step test, is affected by age (Tulppo 1998).
Then using a disposable pipette we placed two drops of room temperature water (21 degrees) on top of the Daphnia. Then placing it careful under the microscope with a for 15 seconds using a tally counter and clicked away how many heart beats we observed and did this three times for three trials, in between the times would give the daphnia a two minute recovery period. We then would process the trials information and calculate an average. After the information calculated we then multiplied our results by four to see the average heart beats per minute with room temperature water. We gave the daphnia five minute to recover then went on to proceed with two drops of hot water (40 degrees celsius) placed on top of the Daphnia using the pipette. Again three trials for 15 second using the tally clicker following after a two minute break. The same followed for the cold water (0 degree celsius) placing two drops on top of the Daphnia administered by pipette. In between the transitional water temperature trials we then cleaned up the excess water before placing new drops of water by gently soaking up the water with kimwipes. After five minutes we tallied the heartbeats of the Daphnia before administering the epinephrine. Then again gently gave two doses of epinephrine using a new pipette. Then after we observed and tallying the heart beats before administering the epinephrine, three times again recording our results then averaging it. Then we placed two drops of the epinephrine on top of the daphnia, tallying the heartbeats and recording and calculating our trial results. Then after two minutes we observed and tallied the effects after the epinephrine had been used. Each trial again consisted of observation under the microscope, tallying and observing the behavior internally and externally of the
The controlled variable included the exercise bike and heart rate monitor. There are several limitations, systematic and random errors that should be considered when interpreting these results. (4) The controlled variables were not tested before this experiment to see if they were working and reliable. Figure 2 heart rate was quite inconsistent and did not follow the pattern of the other results, which maybe suggest a random error with the heat rate monitor. A systematic error could include the fitness of the participants. One of the test subjects is an endurance athlete and the other does not compete in any sport. This would affect the results because for the endurance-trained athlete, from their training they increase their cardiac output results from a substantial increase in maximal stroke volume. In untrained persons, cardiac output increases in response to exercise primarily by an increase in heart rate. The endurance-trained athlete does so mainly by an increase in stroke volume. Simply meaning that although both participants are doing the same cadence and length the endurance athletes skewers the results by already having an increased rate in stroke volume. Another systematic error may include the rate of perceived effort. For the most accurate results, the measured maximum heart rate would be necessary to give an accurate cadence to ride at.
Method and results - The study was compiled of seven female students from the University of Huddersfield. For the exercise a step was used, a polar heart rate monitor was used for each participant with an independent assessor timing the participants, and recording the readings. Results of the study showed there was an increase in heart rate when performing mild exercise.
In the first part of the practical, we will dissect the heart of a sheep and observe its anatomical structure. We will also examine the structure of blood vessels at a microscopic level. My hypothesis is that by examining the anatomy of the cardiovascular system, we will be able to detect differences in both vessels and the chambers of the heart. In the second part of the practical we will examine the electrical activity of the heart. In doing so my aim will be to produce a familiar ECG reading containing a P wave, QRS complex and T wave. Futhermore, we will take blood pressure readings by listening to the korotkoff sounds of the heart using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. We hypothesis that the higher the arm position is from the ground, the smaller the blood pressure reading will
The purpose of these lab exercises is to understand the function and importance of an electrocardiogram. This lab will demonstrate how stress levels or different elevations can affect human heart rate. Furthermore, the equipment used in the experiment will show the functions in the right and left arm; as well as, in the right and left ankles. Finally, the lab will serve a purpose as a way to know how to read an electrocardiogram and calculate the heart rate.
Carry out an experiment to measure the heart rate and ventilation rate before, during and after moderate exercise.