Methods Of Design For Social Capital

Kirst-Ashman explains boundaries as, “borders or margins that separate one entity from another” (2011, pp. 16). Nonetheless, it would appear as though these different social systems have boundaries that could be seen as blending into one another. Botsman explains that blurry lines appear between what is now mine, what is yours, and what is ours, and in order to successfully work together a certain degree of trust must exist. This is in part because while credit history used to be important, now our reputation of what is posted or done on the web leaves a trail which demonstrates to others whether or not an individual can be trusted (Botsman, 2010). However, these blurry lines only work due to a shift that has occurred. This shift is in regards to individuals viewing, as Kevin Kelly explains that having access to an item or service is better than the actual ownership of that item or service being produced (Botsman, 2010). With this paradigm shift that current generations are moving towards, it enables individuals to work together on a micro and macro level, which enables for groups of individuals to join online

The connection between immigration policy and social construction is very motivating and worthwhile because social construction has an influence on immigration policy and the numerous factors in social construction also play a part in forming immigration policies. Immigration is the process of permanently entering a country. Social construction is the most common question that is debated is “what makes a person American or who gets to be called an America” (lecture). Immigration is the process of permanently entering a country. During the 18th and 19th century, America wanted to attract skilled immigrant workers so entrance to the United States was very encouraged.

Social construction has been around since the beginning of time. It is the idea that a persons understanding of how society works is socially constructed. For example, the notion that women should wear makeup or that men should be interested in sex are both social constructs. Social construction is integral in society as it influences how people judge others and view the world. Social construction heavily affects gender and sex. These affects can be negative as they create prejudices and assumptions about different genders and sexualities. One can see this through how women receive more judgment than men or how men are expected to be dominant in society. Social construction perpetuates negative assumptions and judgments towards sex and gender issues.

Social capital is “the social knowledge and connections that enable people to carry out their goals and extend their influences.”(1) When joining an organization, members are optimistic of achieving social capital. They aspire to connect with others who have similar interests, and strive to influence people of their beliefs and views. Members have high hopes of impacting society one day.

According to Social Capital and Mental Illness: A Systematic Review, social capital is a combination of social groups, associational life, community involvement, and trust in others. Social capital can happen through informal and formal establishments. An example of informal establishment is a community or financial status group. Formal establishments can occur through groups like neighborhoods and government structures. Singular social capital can be viewed as a measure of one’s evaluation of their surroundings, their interpersonal organizations, and their level of cooperation in their group. Social withdrawal is when one suffering with mental illness is more averse to having dynamic influence of a group. Based on this, it would be expected that one with a mental illness would score poorly on individual social capital

Crime is a socially created existence that contains deficiencies of any equitable principles that demarcate into existence rather than being revealed. Social construction means that humans have recognized a phenomenon; characterized and labeling it to some interpretive statute that transcribes the differentiations and likenesses contained by the objects or people while classified. Many categorization patterns are not subjective; otherwise, attempting to make sense of classification would be impossible. Categories have analytical and significant denotations and are utilized to execute the order on the variety of social experiences. Gender, race, and class construct the experiences of all individuals. These facts are extensively acknowledged and ordinarily understood.

Social Capital is defined as the networks of relationships among people, enabling that society to function effectively. James Coleman’s “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital” examines the many benefits of social capital in a society. However, most forms of social capital are public goods and do not primarily profit the person who has to bring it about. Therefore, it’s not in his interest to bring it leading to a shortage. Coleman wants to apply economics’s principle of rational action to the social perspective to increase people’s willingness to socialize. On the other hand, Alejandro Portes’s “The Two Meanings of Social Capital” challenges Coleman’s concept by arguing that people shouldn’t

The concept of the learning disability is relatively new, having been constructed identified within the past fifty to sixty years (Sleeter, 2010). Surprisingly, the construct of the learning disability hinges upon creation of an ideological standard of normal; the implicit assumption that we as educators know what constitutes right or normal attitudes or behavior, and that anything which falls outside of normal is a potential disability (Sleeter, 2010). These are unproven assumptions, rather than empirical, data-driven fact, and form the backbone for current definition, assessment, and interventional methods (Sleeter, 2010).

In this next section I will explain and give examples in contemporary literature of the Policy Feedback Theory and Social Construction Theory being applied in the U.S. political system. In “ Reconstituting the Submerged State: The Challenges of Social Policy Reform in the Obama Era”, Mettler applies the concept of the “submerged state” to explain the challenges President Barack Obama endured when trying to enact his social welfare policy agenda. The focuses of his social policies were tax expenditures, emphasis on higher education, and a reform on healthcare. Mettler defines a submerged state as, “ a conglomeration of existing federal policies that incentivize and subsidize the activities engaged in by private actors or individuals.” (803)

One methodology online organizations can receive is guaranteeing distributive reasonableness and procedural decency. Distributive and procedural reasonableness will what is gotten. Different viewpoints incorporate client interface quality, saw security and saw convenience. In disconnected from the net trade, up close and personal cooperation may specifically fulfill purchasers through supporting administrations. In e-trade, sales representatives connect by means of site interfaces. The difficulties confronting online venders are to reduce the vulnerability of fragmented or bended data (Ba and Pavlou, 2002) and in addition guarantee the security for delicate substance and exchanges. Consumer loyalty is sorted into two principle amasses: (an) an intellectual procedure of looking at what a client gets (rewards) against what they accomplish with an administration (expenses); and (b) an enthusiastic feeling withdrawing from an evaluative

Social capital connections have three elements: (1) Networks, (2) trust that is specific to the networks, and (3) access to resources that are enabled by the network. When an organization or a friend helps someone access resources needed to meet their goals, positive social capital is represented.

Not only are reviews being used to damage a reputation but also used as black mail. An investigation by the Times had implied that 80% of hoteliers and bed and breakfast owners had complained to TripAdvisor that guests had been using the online review system in an intimidating and black mail way. Guests would demand upgrades or discounts if the business in question did not comply then a bad review would be posted on TripAdvisor. Bha.org.uk,(2011)

* What makes social network sites unique is not that they allow individuals to meet strangers, but rather that they enable users to articulate and make visible their social networks. This can result in connections between individuals that would not otherwise be made, but that is often not the goal, and these meetings are frequently between "latent ties" (Haythornthwaite, 2005) who share some offline connection. On many of the large SNSs, participants are not necessarily "networking" or looking to meet new people; instead, they are primarily communicating with people who are already a part of their extended social network. To emphasize this articulated social network as a critical organizing feature of these sites, we label them "social network sites."

Social network sites (SNSs) such as such as Friendster, CyWorld, and MySpace allow individuals to present themselves, articulate their social networks, and establish or maintain connections with others (Ellison, 2007). These sites could be used for work related situation, romance, connecting with individuals with shared interest, or creating a connection amongst college students. Facebook enables its users to present themselves in an online profile, accumulate ‘‘friends’’ who can post comments on each other’s pages, and view each other’s profiles (Ellison, 2007). Individuals can write on the wall of friends, send private message, comment on posts, as well as chat via instant messaging. Much of the early research on online communities assumed that individuals using these systems would be connecting with others outside their pre-existing social group or location, liberating them to form communities around shared interests, as opposed to shared geography (Ellison, 2007).

According to the European Credit Research Institute, the term ‘peer-to-peer’ (P2P) describes the interaction between two parties without the need for a central intermediary. The term originated in the field of computer networking, to describe a network where any one computer can act as either a client or a server to other computers on the network without having to connect to a centralised server (A. Milne and P. Parboteeah, 2016). Peer-to-peer lending is used to describe online marketplaces where lenders (also referred interchangeably as investors) can lend to individuals or small businesses (A. Mateescu, 2015). Peer-to-peer lending activities have grown exponentially since the concept launched. For instance, from 2015 to 2016, P2P lending activities went up by 39%, from £2.3bn to £3.2bn (Bondmason, 2017).