Methods Of Interviewing And Surveying

Clearly, confidentiality is essential to the healing process. However, though it may appear to be a relatively easy concept, its application in the therapeutic atmosphere has proven to be quite complex (Younggren & Harris, p. 589). One issue that causes confusion for many professionals pertains to the differences between confidentiality and legal privilege. Quite often, ethical obligations overlap with the legal requirements. Frequently, the practitioner is not well informed about these particular limits on confidentiality and this lack of knowledge can place both the client and the helping professional at risk (Younggren & Harris, p.590, 598).

Another issue with the implementation of Informed consent arises when the patient waives the right to Informed consent and leaves the right to make the decision on the physician. Though legally correct, this can cause psychological stress for the physician especially when the decision is about a life threatening medical condition. Moreover, this also makes the patient vulnerable to abuse. (Manthous, DeGirolamo, 2003)

a) Select three of the patients’ right below a. Rights to choose a GP b. Rights to hospital treatment c. Rights to refuse treatment d. Rights to opt out of summary care recordsExamine their meaning as applicable to the NHS Constitution or alternative national guidelines………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

Patient informed consent refers to the situation where the patient is fully informed on the consequences of their health care decision after which the patient gives the decision. For there to be informed consent, there are five elements that must be discussed. The first is the nature of the patient's decision then the applicable alternatives to the proposed intervention. Third are the risks, benefits and uncertainties associated with each of the alternatives. Fourth is the assessment of the patient's understanding and last is the acceptance of the intervention or an alternative by the patient. Before the patient's consent is considered to be valid, the patient's competency to make the decision must be addressed. The criteria for evaluating the patient's competency is clearly stated in section 3 of the 2005 Mental Capacity Act which states that provided the person is able to understand, retain and use information provided and to communicate their decision in any way such as talking or sign language, they are competent to make a decision. If a patient is treated against their refusal to consent, it amounts to the tort of battery or can also be considered the crime of assault. In addition to this, laws that touch on human rights reinforce the importance of the protection of the physical integrity of the individual in terms of their right to respect of their private life. Therefore, refusal of medical treatment is a human right.

De Bord, J. (2014). ETHICS IN MEDICINE University of Washington School of Medicine. Retrieved from https://depts.washington.edu/bioethx/topics/consent.html

Respect for human dignity includes two rights; the right to self-determination and the right to full disclosure. When conducting a research study these two rights must be maintained to ensure that the participants are not coerced into participation and that they are making the choice of their own free will. Patients must be provided with all the information necessary to make an informed decision and voluntarily participate. No deception or concealed data collection can be done because it will violate the patients’ rights.

In our day today lives we make complex decisions, continually weighing up the risks and benefits of our actions. However in the hospital environment, the Doctor knows best attitude has prevailed for many years, patients deemed unable to be involved in decisions regarding treatment. Development in law relating to consent has been slow, based on paternalistic approach and therapeutic privilege to decide treatment choice for patients. Whilst health care practice moved towards informed consent, the law lagged behind. In 2015 informed consent has finally been recognised in Law. The author will describe the changing attitude in the law of consent from 1950’s to present day and how these changes affected nurses duty to obtain consent from patients

Informed consent is an integral part of the medical process, but what is it? How can the principles of Informed Consent conflict with each other or with patient care? It is important to examine Informed Consent very carefully and explore how the principles of Beneficence and Patient Autonomy work with each other for the best interests of the patients, even if the patient is refusing some treatment that is important in the standard of care. However, it may be possible that Informed consent and these elements work against one another, and conflict with the best interests of the patient.

It is a basic principle of law in this country that an adult, mentally competent person has the right to refuse treatment. The court of appeal has emphasised that provided the patient has the necessary mental capacity, which is assessed in relation to the decision to be made, then he or she can refuse to give consent for a good reason, a bad reason or no reason at all (Dimond, 2008). However, in this case it is in the best interest of the patient that the MDT administrated medication covertly. The legal issue identified in this case relates to the issue of consent. Within the case study professionalism had to challenged when it came to the capacity of the patient. The MDT had to resolve the legal issues associated with capacity and consent.

Ethically, it is essential to obtain a patient's consent before treatment, and to keep his or her information confidential to the extent of the patient's wishes (Beauchamp and Childress 2009). All adults who have the capacity to understand what a medical professional is proposing to do to him or her should have the ability to consent or refuse the proposed treatment. This is because as adults of adequate understanding, we have autonomy over our own bodies, as they are our most intimate possessions. We live in our bodies, and are with them every day, all the time, and have more say than anyone else over what happens to them, as long as we have the

The ideas above discuss how the concept of gender favours PCC, but sometimes it may be difficult to meet the needs of the patient, as observed by the student. In a local hospital, a minor injuries unit, the male members of staff are the doctors who are only present at the weekends, for the remainder of the time patients see Nurse Practitioners, all of whom are female: should a patient have strongly requested a male doctor for a same sex examination, they would have to reschedule the appointment until a later date when the required member of staff was available. Although a same sex member of staff would not be required by all patients, the option of having one could make a patient more comfortable about the procedure, and avoid any potential

Patients have enjoyed informed consent as an assumed right for less than a century. Medical professionals, in sharp contrast to some lingering views, now follow this concept diligently. Over time, an intermingling of law and ethical reform — focused on informed patient consent and many other issues — have combined to create the current health care legal environment of change, ambiguity, progress and opportunity.

Dr. Bosley decided to target public clinics with is North African colleagues in order to survey the most patients for his study. To perform his study, he decides to take a small blood sample as well as performing a skin test to diagnose allergy. After a preliminary survey, Dr. Bosley clearly realized that his patients have a major foundational misunderstanding of the concept of pathology and its etiology, yet decides to build off of their false logic by making them believe he is providing a form of therapy. This is a violation of patient autonomy, and is a form of medical tyranny due to the complete lack of informed consent. Although obtaining consent in a transcultural setting is difficult when imparting unfamiliar Western values and modern day medicine, delusive practice should not be used as it will create disrepute for Dr. Bosley’s survey. The major ethical issues behind Dr. Bosley’s survey is the fact that Dr. Bosley

Within healthcare, practitioners often have to make difficult decisions regarding the care of their patients. This could be to do with giving or withdrawing treatment, or as simple as sharing risk information (Glover, 1997). Ultimately, the practitioner must be able to rationalise any decision they have made (Morrison, 2009). With this in mind, the following assignment will draw upon an ethical dilemma and explore how theoretical perspectives can be utilised within the decision making process. Therefore it will also be pertinent to draw upon the law, and how this influences actions within health care. To facilitate this discussion, I will identify a scenario from practice that

Conducting interviews is fundamental as a case manager. In order to understand more about good interviewing, I decided to watch an interview about an addict mother conducted by Dr. Phil. While watching this interview, I made some notes on attitudes and characteristics that I considered important for good interviewing. The characteristics will be presented in the following paragraphs.