Methyl Bromide Highly Toxic

One of the biggest problems surrounding the protection of California’s plants and crops, is the threat of pests and invasive species. Pests are a constant danger as they can ruin plants by infecting them, or destroying them by eating away at the inside. There is also the danger of invasive species. The National

What are some of the chemicals that caused the ozone hole to form over the stratosphere in Antarctica?

The ozone should always stay in tact to protects the earth from UV radiation, which is harmful to humans (skin cancer) and also the earth (global warming). If allowed to build up indoors, VOCs often contribute to lightheadedness, headaches, allergies and more importantly has also scientifically proven harmful to asthma sufferers. As a matter of fact, according to Professor Roy Harrison, professor of environmental health at Birmingham University, there is a body of research on VOCs in the indoor environment which links them with those kinds of symptoms - headaches and not feeling so good (news.bbc.co.uk). After proven to have negative effects on the ozone layer as well as humans, the production of CFCs was shut down and in fact it’s banned in the US. Some scientists were not convinced by the act of banning CFCs in spite of all these evidences. “Given the large economic impact of a ban — it was estimated that industries relying on CFC production generated $8 billion in business and employed 200,000 people in 1974 — several scientists in the field advocated waiting a few years for science to make more progress on the issue before making any policy decisions.” (bio.sunyorange.edu)

Halogenation is when one or more hydrogens in a compound are replaced with a halogen, for example fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. In a halogenation of the alkane, the

At the moment the o zone regulation limit is seventy five parts per billion and the EPA’S Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee recommends to set the standard in between sixty and seventy parts per billion. The National Association of Manufactures says that the new regulation woud increase energy cost and reduce family incomes to about an equal amount of one hundred eighty two thousand lost jobs for Texas. The new ozone regulations could put a kink in natural gas production and then result in about a fifteen percent increase in electricity prices. Forty percent of the U.S. population already live in areas that don’t meet the current EPA regulation. Those people are at risk for aggravated asthma, difficulty breathing, pre mature death, cardiovascular harm, and lower birth

These chemicals are eating away at our ozone layer creating a hole in our ozone layer. This hole allows light spectrum and UV radiation to enter our planet. These radiations cause problems for all living organisms. Our ozone layer is our planets’ protection from solar radiation when integrity is compromised; all living organisms are exposed to dangerous levels of radiation. Also, these UV radiations are becoming more and more dramatic. Geoengineers are examining the effect of solar light would have on the quality of life, under the ozone layer which is becoming systemically destroyed every day. The quality of life for all living organisms cannot go anywhere but down with this dangerous solar energy entering our

“California has a mass production of two-thirds of the country’s fruits and vegetables,” the USDA reports.

With California having 76,400 farms and ranches received $54 billion output in crops in 2014 is considered the nation’s leader in agricultural output. Their agricultural large quantity includes more than 420 commodities, which produces nearly half of the United States grown nuts, fruits, and vegetables. The most valuable crops are cannabis, oranges, grapes, nuts, cotton, and flowers. US consumers across the nation purchase several crops that are produced in California. Their exports climbed to 21.4 billion in value representing a 16 percent increase over last year’sexports.

San Joaquin County is known for its heavy usage of pesticides and is one of the 15 counties in California that has been labeled for using heavy amounts of these chemicals. Pesticides are a chemical based spray that is used upon crops of fields to prevent damage to the crops being grown by farmers. Pesticides have been able to form a multibillion dollar industry alongside the farming industry. While some pesticides have been deemed as unsafe for the county, state population; they are used in spraying over our crops and can lead to a health and safety risk for the population.

Brominated vegetable oil is a common substance found in many citrus soda drinks such as Mountain Dew, Powerade, Fanta orange, Squirt, and Sunkist. BVO, short for brominated vegetable oil, is used to prevent the citrus flavoring from separating from the rest of the soda. Though it is found in almost 10 percent of american soft drinks it can have bad affects on the human body. The bromine in this oil can build up in the body and can cause reduced fertility, birth defects, skin rashes, severe acne, and even psychotic symptoms. Most people who drink these sodas are unaware of the effects it may have on their body and may not even find out before it’s too late.

How do CFCs or chlorofluorocarbons affect Canada’s Ozone layer. To answer this question we first have to understand chlorofluorocarbons and the earth's ozone layer. Chlorofluorocarbons are chemical compounds made up of three chlorine atoms. One fluorine atom and 1 carbon atom. There were many uses for CFCs ranging from, being used as coolants in refrigerants to propellants for aerosols to being used as solvents for dry cleaning. As CFCs are non- flammable and not very toxic we thought they were a revolutionary compound, but unfortunately CFCs were one of the leading causes for the depletion of our ozone layer. ozone is a type of oxygen, an ozone molecule consists of three oxygen atoms whereas a regular oxygen molecule only consists of two.

Aerosol hairspray does destroy the Ozone Layer. There are chemicals that are harmful to the ozone layer and are destroying the ozone layer. Plus, with all the people that use it on a day-to-day basis, it adds up a lot. I know that my mom uses it every day and she uses a lot, almost to where it fogs up her room. Here are reason why it destroys the ozone layer.

Scientists all over the world have been widely researching to find out ways in which the ozone layer is being destroyed through human actions. The ozone layer is gradually being destroyed by ozone depleting chemicals. These chemicals include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydroflourocarbons (HFCs), methyl bromide, halons, methyl chloroform and carbon tetrachloride among others (Ryding 173). These chemicals are used locally in coolants, fire extinguishers, solvents, pesticides, aerosol propellants and foaming agents.

Many of us might not understand how important the ozone layer is to our planet. So that is why we should take more care of our environment so we don’t deplete our ozone layer even more. To some this topic may not be important and they don’t understand what affects these dangerous chemicals can have on our environment. Hopefully reading this they will want to take better care of our planet for our future generations.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s): CFC’s are lowering the average concentration of ozone in the stratosphere. “Since 1978 the use of CFC’s in aerosol cans has been banned in the United States, Canada and most Scandinavian countries. Aerosols are still used around the world and accounts for 25% of global CFC’s use”. (Miller 448). Spray cans discarded or leaking refrigerator and air conditioning equipment and the burning plastic foam products release the CFC’s into the atmosphere. Depending on the type, CFC’s stay in the atmosphere from 22 to 111 years.” Chlorofluorocarbons move up to the stratosphere gradually over several decades. Under high energy ultra violet (UV) radiation break them down and release chlorine atoms, which speed up the breakdown of ozone (O3) into oxygen (O2). Chlorofluorocarbons, also known as Freons, are green house gas that contributes to global warming. Photochemical air pollution is commonly referred to as “smog”. Smog is the contraction of the words smoke and fog, smog has been caused by water condensing on smoke particles, usually from burning coal. With the introduction of petroleum to replace coal economies in countries, photochemical smog has become predominant in many cities, which are located in sunny warm and dry climates with many motor vehicles. The worst episodes of