Addition Of Bromine To Alkene

During the halogenation reactions of 1-butanol, 2-butanol, and 2-methyl-2-propanol, there is a formation of water from the OH atom of the alcohol, and the H atom from the HCl solution. The OH bond of the alcohol is then substituted with the Cl atom. Therefore all of the degrees of alcohol undergo halogenation reactions, and form alkyl halides as products. This is because the functional group of alkyl halides is a carbon-halogen bond. A common halogen is chlorine, as used in this experiment.

In this lab we used the greener approach, which involves the addition of bromine across a double bond. When bromine reacts with E-stilbene (trans-1,2-diphenylethene), two new chiral carbons are created from the sp2 carbons, therefore 3 different dibrominated stereoisomers are possible: meso-(1R,2S), or the raceminc mixture-(1R,2R) or (1S,2S)-dibromo-1,2-diphenylethane (Gilbert, 2010). When the bromination ion intermediate proceeds through a stereospecific mechanism, then the meso dibromide is formed exclusively. The racemic dibromides are formed from the concerted syn addition if the mechanism proceeds

Add the powder into a 100mL volumetric flask by using the folded side of the weighing paper. Gently slide the solid into the flask. Use distilled water to rinse the weighing paper into the flask. Fill the flask to the mark with distilled water. Then cap the flask with parafilm and mix thoroughly. This solution is now known as Master Solution. After rinsing the pipet three times with a small amount of the master solution, pipet exactly 10.00 mL of the master solution into a clean dry 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. One should then repeat step 6 so that one should have three flasks with 10mL of the master solution in each. Then rinse the pipet three times with distilled water. Following that, rinse the pipet three times with a small amount of hydrochloric acid. Pipet exactly 10.00 mL of hydrochloric acid into each of the three flasks and swirl the flasks to make sure the solutions are mixed all the way. The solution should now be a yellowish precipitate. For part three, one should first rinse the buret three times with distilled water, then rinse the buret three times with a small amound of sodium hydroxide. Fill the buret with about 40mL of the sodium hydroxide solution and put the buret in a secure buret

The objective of this laboratory experiment is to study both SN1 and SN2 reactions. The first part of the lab focuses on synthesizing 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol by using an SN2 mechanism. The obtained product will then be analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and refractive index. The second part of the lab concentrates on how different factors influence the rate of SN1 reactions. The factors that will be examined are the leaving group, Br – versus Cl-; the structure of the alkyl group, 3◦ versus 2◦; and the polarity of the solvent, 40 percent 2-propanol versus 60 percent 2-propanol.

7. Plan: Each student in a group of three will work to purify the product of the reaction with cis-stilbene, trans-stilbene, or styrene. The crude products will be purified through recrystallization. This purification process will be performed several times. When the recrystallization is complete, a vacuum filtration will be executed to filter out the crystals. An NMR spectrum will be taken of the recrystallized product.

In the chemical process of bromination, an alkene is halogenated with bromine. Solvents that are typically used include methylene chloride and carbon tetrachloride along with iodine, the traditional reagent. However, because of the carcinogenic properties of the solvents and the corrosiveness of iodine, other alternatives are utilized : bromination with pyridinium tribromide, bromination

step. Br is replaced by the benzoate ion and Br- is formed at the end of the reaction.

The purpose of this experiment was to determine which double displacement reactions will form a precipitate or a gas.

The aim of this experiment was to effectively carry out a Grignard reaction process that uses Grignard reagent to synthesize alcohol and creates a new carbon-carbon bond within the reaction. In this experiment, phenylmagenisum bromide is the Grignard reagent reacted with benzaldehyde to synthesize the final product, diphenylmethanol (alcohol) close to its 100 % theoretical yield. Diethyl ether solvent was used to keep away any water/moisture that could destroy the Grignard reagent and react to form a hydrocarbon instead of an alcohol. Therefore, experiment execution need a lot of precision and precautious to make sure that the apparatus used/reused as well as the reaction itself is dry and away from water or moisture.

In this experiment, three unknown alkanes were identified by observing their physical and chemical properties. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. The properties identified were qualitative observations, solubility, mass, fire test, boiling point, and volume, and density. Unknown one was identified as hexane, unknown two as pentane, and unknown three as heptane. The results were as unpredictable but understandable and the properties of the boiling points of the unknowns closely match that of the categories of organic compounds, just not the densities. This led to low confidence that the results are invalid.

This reaction is a type of oscillating reactions. What’s different about this reaction is it does not follow the normal pattern observed for most chemical reactions. Most chemical reactions observed proceed to completion or reaching some sort of equilibrium. Also, in most chemical reactions the concentrations of species involved depend primarily on the time. However, in oscillating reactions the reaction seems to not immediately reach equilibrium, but oscillate where the products of on reaction become the reactants of another reaction that interact to form the original reactants again. Also in oscillating reactions the concentrations of species can increase and decrease during the time of the reaction.

C2H5Cl + :OH- C2H5OH + Cl- C2H5Br + :OH- C2H5OH + Br= C2H5I + :OH- C2H5OH + I- The mechanism for this reaction is: The free halide ions will then bond with the positive silver ions. The precipitation of the halides will occur as follows: Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) AgCl(s) Ag+(aq) + Br-(aq) AgBr(s) Ag+(aq)

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Slow reaction with the forming of greenish -black solution. Heat is released during the reaction.

| The mixture was found to be reactive in less than 10 seconds. The color changed to a light white color.