Methylene Blue Case Study

risperidone whereas in this one there was a fixed dose to limit breach in blinding and to facilitate comparison between similar groups, also having this fixed dosage helped prevent bias because when using a titrating schedule of dosing in a randomized trial, it tends to show bias toward a desired goal. Risperidone in this study was well tolerated and there weren’t significant differences in weight gain or sedation(13). One of the main things disliked about risperidone is its tendency to increase the incidence of dyskinesia and other extrapyramidal side effects. In this study only mild and transient dyskinesias were seen in only 3 children, however that could be due to the low fixed dosage(13) of the study.

I was so interested in reading your post because I wanted to know the other ways to manage Amitriptyline overdose since you've mentioned that there is no antidote for it. You were right when you said that cardiac condition and airway clearance must be carefully monitored to avoid complications or worst, death. It is important also for the nurse and/or the patient who is taking this drug to know the anticholinergic effects, such as dry mouth, photophobia, hallucinations, blurred vision, and tachycardia, so that proper interventions and management can be done. Because there is a high risk for suicide when this drug is taken, psychotherapy can be provided to the patients so that they can express their feelings and thoughts, hence, help decreases

The multidisciplinary team meeting is an example of the process in action. Many clinicians are present. Most will be in a position to help formulate the most appropriate management for the patient. The doctor directly responsible presents the present situation and the relevant background. The assessment will include a discussion with the clinician to clarify the clinical findings and a joint review of the results of all relevant investigations. Recommendations will be agreed by all present. These will be documented in the patient's records for implementation.

Olanzapine is associated with adverse effects when taken above the safe therapeutic range between 20 to 40 ng/ml, symptoms of toxicity include depression, tachycardia and hyperpryexia,, the effects of these symptoms are normally more severe in children.. Olanzapine is considered to have a low mortality rate although serious cases of olanzapine toxicity can lead to possible death. In postmortem examinations olanzapine is not normally the main cause of death, but is a contributing factor therefore the involvement of other drugs need to be considered. Early detection of toxicity is vital although activated charcoal has previously been beneficial in the treatment for an overdose of olanzapine (Chue, P., Singer, P., (2003)).

Depressants are often prescribed to treat anxiety, panic disorders, and insomnia. Drugs in this category include barbiturates like Nembutal and Seconal as well as benzodiazepines like Ativan, Valium, and Xanax. Sleep medications like Ambien, Lunesta, and Sonata are also in this class of drugs. These drugs are often abused because they have a calming and relaxing effect. However, they can also cause confusion, drowsiness, and memory problems. Like opioids, taking too many depressants can also stop a person’s breathing.

This report of central nervous system depression after the administration of recommended doses of codeine in a patient with a CYP2D6 ultra-metabolizer phenotype supports genetic testing to assist in elucidating serious adverse drug reactions and in prevention of subsequent inappropriate dosing or drug selection. Genetics testing can give insight as to how our patients process the medications we prescribe them. Pharmacogenetics is a growing field with many benefits to the patient. Our duty as providers is to stay abreast of a developing technology that will provide better outcomes for our

Internal method will be the interdisciplinary team such as hospitalist, therapists, dietician, pharmacist, case managers, discharge planners and house supervisors. These stakeholders performed a thorough discussions about patient’s admission, transfer, and discharges. Upon discussing with the patient’s overall health concerns, the evidence-based practices of bedside reporting can be part of the daily discussions because this is where the basis of patient’s health outcomes can be obtained. The goal of bedside reporting is to promote safety and highest quality of care. Therefore, the input and opinions of the whole team is very essential for the successful implementation of the bedside reporting. The bedside reporting will be more stronger tools

Mood stabilizers are usually the first line of defense. Lithium treats both manic and depressive episodes. It usually takes about 7 to 14 days for therapeutic levels to be reached. The nurse should monitor for lithium toxicity which would include signs such as slurred speech, muscle weakness, gastrointestinal upset, sedation, and mental confusion. Anticonvulsants such as valproic acid and divalproex sodium are now commonly used as mood stabilizers as well. Atypical antipsychotics and antidepressants may be used in treatment as well. Antidepressants should be used cautiously as they increase the risk of mania or hypomania occurring (Halter, 2014, p.240). A concern associated with antidepressants and anticonvulsants is the increase in occurrences of suicidal thoughts, and the presence of unusual behaviors (National Institute of Mental Health, 2012). In recent pharmacological studies the anticonvulsant valproic acid and atypical antipsychotic quetiapine showed that, in patients with this particular dual diagnosis, alcohol consumption was significantly reduced while on these medications (Farren, Hill, & Weiss,

During the morning of report from the night nurses, I had been surprised to hear that my patient had been unresponsive and had not been responsive to stimuli. Prior to this, I was unaware that my patient had been in such horrible shape. I did research the previous day and there was no significant evidence within the chart that indicated my patient had been in this vegetative state. Upon entering my patients’ room, I was lost at what to do in order to assess my patient, as he could not respond to me in any way, shape or form. I

During the time of the assessment the patient was alert and calm. The patient reports that for six months he has been taking Suboxone to stay off of pain pills. The patient reports that he has been getting Suboxone from friends who told him that it would get him off pain pills. The patient reports that he conflict in his marriage and with his place of employment. The patient reports that a week before Christmas his wife left him and that cause stress in his life. In addition, the

In Figure 3.1 where the partial rates of diffusion of each substance was plotted at a three-minute intervaland also in Figure 3.2 where the comparisons are seen, Potassium Permanganate increased after three minutes ahead and remained its value until the sixth minute and it remained constant, Potassium Dichromate increased at the sixth minute and retained its increase until the ninth minute and then remained constant, while Methylene blue remained constant all throughout in the 30 minutes span of time. Although the average rate of diffusion calculated in Table 2 show no difference in Potassium Permanganate and Potassium Dichromate, as seen in Figure 3.1 and Figure 3.2, Potassium Permanganate diffused the faster in the first six minutes of diffusion than

During the subsequent period he was under outpatient psychiatric care delivered through approximately 4 psychiatric controls per year. Psychopharmacologic treatment included antidepressants (with conversions of several different selective serotonin reuptake-inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)) prescribed regularly and anxiolytics and hypnotics prescribed as needed. In 2011 quetiapine was prescribed with intention to decrease anxiolytics utilization and expected therapeutic effect on hyperarousal symptoms. Premature ejaculation and urinary urgency persisted. Urological evaluation didn't find organic basis of the difficulties.

The efficacy and safety of the drug in patients under the age of 18 years is not established. With renal / hepatic insufficiency and long-term treatment, control over the picture of peripheral blood and liver enzymes is necessary. Patients who did not take previously psychoactive drugs respond to the drug at lower doses compared to patients taking antidepressants, anxiolytics or alcohol. With endogenous depression, alprazolam can be used in combination with antidepressants. With the use of alprazolam, patients with depression have seen cases of hypomanic and manic development. Like other benzodiazepines, alprazolam has the ability to induce drug dependence in long-term admission in large doses (more than 4 mg / day). With a sudden discontinuation of alprazolam, there may be comeback syndromes, such as depression, irritability, insomnia, increased sweating, especially with prolonged admission (more than 8-12 weeks). When patients develop such unusual reactions as increased aggressiveness, acute excitations, feelings of fear, thoughts of suicide, hallucinations, increased muscle cramps, difficult sleep, superficial sleep, treatment should be discontinued. During pregnancy Xanax is very dangerous due to its toxic effect on the fetus and increases the risk of congenital malformations when applied in the first trimester of pregnancy. Admission of therapeutic doses in later periods

Unusual uncontrolled movements (especially in the face, legs, arms, mouth and tongue) as this medication may rarely cause Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

This condition can be caused by taking medicines or drugs that increase the level of serotonin in your body. These include: