Metronidazole Research Paper

In the last decade, the number of prescriptions for antibiotics has increases. Even though, antibiotics are helpful, an excess amount of antibiotics can be dangerous. Quite often antibiotics are wrongly prescribed to cure viruses when they are meant to target bacteria. Antibiotics are a type of medicine that is prone to kill microorganisms, or bacteria. By examining the PBS documentary Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria and the article “U.S. government taps GlaxoSmithKline for New Antibiotics” by Ben Hirschler as well as a few other articles can help depict the problem that is of doctors prescribing antibiotics wrongly or excessively, which can led to becoming harmful to the body.

There are barriers to treating BV that add to the challenges providers face when treating the condition. Unfortunately, metronidazole efficacy is decreasing due to resistance.13 Certain organisms have been

Antibiotics are inarguably one of the greatest advances in medical science of the past century. Although the first natural antibiotic Penicillin was not discovered until 1928 by Scottish biologist Alexander Flemming, evidence exists that certain plant and mold growths were used to treat infections in ancient Egypt, ancient India, and classical Greece (Forrest, 1982). In our modern world with the advent of synthetic chemistry synthetic antibiotics like Erithromycin and its derivative Azithromycin have been developed. Antibiotics have many uses including the treatment of bacterial and protozoan infection, in surgical operations and prophylactically to prevent the development of an infection. Through these applications, antibiotics have saved countless lives across the world and radically altered the field of medicine. Though a wonderful and potentially lifesaving tool, antibiotic use is not without its disadvantages. Mankind has perhaps been too lax in regulation and too liberal in application of antibiotics and growing antibiotic resistance is the price we must now pay. A recent study showed that perhaps 70% of bacterial infections acquired during hospital visits in the United States are resistant to at least one class of antibiotic (Leeb, 2004). Bacteria are not helpless and their genetic capabilities have allowed them to take advantage of society’s overuse of antibiotics, allowing them to develop

Section 3 of the Promise for Antibiotics and Therapeutics for Health Act or the PATH Act, which call for current PATH Act legislation to be modified so that it “will allow health experts to more easily develop new treatments for antibiotic resistant bacteria, and make real progress in presenting a great number of illnesses and deaths in the United States”1. In addition, this new legislation will impact Section 506 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C 356) by introducing into its current language a new subsection (g) “Limited Population Pathway for Antibacterial Drugs”. Thus creating new avenues for the introduction of alternative treatments for limited populations based on the recommendation of Secretary

The aim of this investigation was to find out which antiseptics were most effective at preventing the growth of bacteria.

Patients were treated with Voriconazole, an antifungal therapy, with the intial dose being 6 milligrams per kilogram every 12 hours. Blood serum levels were measured on the fiifth day of treatment and levels of the drug should range from 2 to 5 mcg/ml. Levels higher than 5mcg/ml could cause toxicity including hallucinations and other adverse effects on the central nervous system. It was recommended that most patients should start with IV voriconazole, however patients with mild disease could start with oral voriconazole at their prescribers discretion. Liposomal amphotericin B was strongly suggested to be given in addition to voriconazole to patients who presented with severe disease, didn’t improve, or experienced clinical deterioration. Duration of treatment is very much dependent on the individual and can range from three to six months depending on serverity of the infection, and any underlying immunosuppression.

This paper is about identifying the pre-hospital use of Benzylpenicillin and identifying the evidence behind its use. It will also look and compare dugs used for treating meningococcal disease and discuss the evidence for and against these drugs and see which one promotes the best recovery. Finally this paper will discuss professional, ethical and legal responsibilities of the paramedic in administering antibiotics pre-hospital for meningococcal disease.

Antibiotics have played an essential role in the fight against diseases and infections since the 1940’s. Antibiotics are a leading cause for the rise of global average life expectancy in the 20th and 21st century. They have greatly reduced illnesses and deaths due to diseases. With the introductions of antibiotics in the 1940’s, like penicillin into clinical practice, formally deadly illnesses became immediately curable and saved thousands of lives (Yim 2006). Antibiotic use has been beneficial and when prescribed and taken correctly their effects on patients are exceedingly valuable. However, because these drugs have been used so widely and for such a long period of time the bacteria that the antibiotics are designed to kill have adapted,

Phencyclidine is a hallucinogenic drug that was once used as an anesthetic for animals, and for a short period of time, humans as well. It is very similar to Ketamine in the way that it is structured and behaves. It is also known more commonly on the streets as ‘Angel Dust’.

The proposed evidence-based practice change is to reduce the incidence of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and/or multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) through the daily use of chlorhexidine-impregnated wipes or chlorhexidine soap among patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and medical-surgical units. Chlorhexidine gluconate is a broad-spectrum, antiseptic agent against several pathogens, such as S. aureus and enterococcus species (Climo et al., 2013, p. 534). Daily baths will be emphasized to patients with the current diagnosis of a HAIs, MDROs or are currently and/or have chronic suppressed immune systems. Furthermore, providing education to staff and patients and their families regarding the prevention of HAIs and MDROs through the use of chlorhexidine bath products will help implement this EBP change.

This study is the first to compare between posaconazole and voriconazole from an economic perspective in their use as prophylactic gents against fungal infections in patients with AML. Such study is important in decision making considering economics aspects when choosing between posaconazole and voriconazole especially in RMH in Australia. The main finding of this study is that posaconazole is more cost saving than voriconazole. It was reported by the study that the main influence on voriconazole cost is the discontinuation of the drug due to intolerance of oral dosage form (other alternatives were given). One study was done in Singapore to compare cost-effectiveness between different triazoles in IFI prophylaxis using network meta-analysis

• Signs of elevated blood sugar level like increased thirst, blurred vision, frequent urination weight loss or fatigue

The elements used in this new program are “inhalational ciprofloxacin formulations” more specifically, there are Aradigm’s proprietaries that are be investigated for the drugs Pulmaquin (R) and Lipoquin (R) (Aradigm Corporation, 2016). Pursuing this further, the most common way people become infected with a Biowarfare agent is through the pulmonary route (Aradigm Corporation, 2016). In addition, as many know, time is of the essences when it comes to a person being infected with a pathogen or toxin. Thankfully, the inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin approach greatly benefits the infected individual because it distributes the antibiotic quickly and directly in high concentrations to the respiratory tract; the area of primary infection and the liposomal formulation preserves it there over an extended period of time (Aradigm Corporation, 2016). If this program proves to be successful, it will be a great step in being able to help treat victims in the event of a Biowarfare attack. This article is a great resource for people who are interested in

The Etest has also been used to evaluate the activity of antimicrobial combinations against mycobacteria, Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, including Pseudomonas spp. Little has been published on the activity of levofloxacin combined with other antibiotics against P. aeruginosa, S. maltophilia, or B. cepacia. No synergy or antagonism was observed when levofloxacin was combined with zidovudine in vitro against P. aeruginosa [7,12,13].

The hygienist should be able to have an open conversation with patients who may be receiving this care without making the patient feel embarrassed or awkward. The decision to pre-medicate a patient with this condition should be discussed with the patient and the patient’s physician. If it is decided to pre-medicate, amoxicillin, metronidazole, augmentin, and gentamycin were the most prescribed antibiotics by physicians (Lee, 2012). IV or IM administration was the most preferred method of pre-medication however patients expressed difficulty related to timing dental and physician visits to get this pre-medication. It is important for the dental hygienist to be aware of all aspects of care for these patients. At the end of the day all patients have special needs and we can come up with solutions to help care for any