Michael And Salhab's The Knights Templar

Michael Durant is a notable former 160th Black Hawk pilot. He is most recognized for his role in Operation Gothic Serpent, in Mogadishu, Somalia. During this operation his helicopter was one of two that were shot down with RPG’s, and he was the only survivor, who, consequently was taken captive by the Somali warlord. Mr. Durant’s career has spanned decades with the Regiment, even after retirement as the owner of a consultant firm specializing in special operations aviation. Steven Hartov is both an American and Israeli Army veteran, who has co-authored two books on the 160th with Mr. Durant. Mr. Hartov was the former editor in chief of “Special Operations Report,” and his writings are on the recommended reading list of the Army War College.

The source Bernard of Clairvaux, On the Knights Templars will be inspected in this essay. Another source that will be examined in this essay will be St. Francis, The Rule. A Canon from the Fourth Lateran Council will be examined as a source. According

The term “heresy” on the other hand, was a neutral term that eventually gave way to its more commonly known “technical, pejorative sense” by the time of Ignatius (p.117). In order to illustrate these complexities, Butler examines the Montanist movement of the second and third centuries (p.119-133). Though considered heretical by Church leaders in Asia Minor by the third century, Montanism gained many orthodox adherents in North Africa represented by Tertullian and the martyrs Perpetua and Falicitas (p.133-137). Butler is careful to point out that Montanism was rejected, not because of false doctrine, but because of “unacceptable practices” (p.138). This is an example of how a belief that was considered to be heretical “in one community was acceptable in another”

Man’s tenure upon face of the earth consists of inundated thoughts of “World Dominance.” Be it through religious factors of papacy, or hatred for selected peoples groups on the face of the earth. The Crusades revile the desire of control from popes that required the Greek Church (all non-Christians) to be under the control of the Catholic Church of Rome.

Free thought is dangerous to the church and empire of this period because the entire belief system of the community is based upon church elites deciphering ancient texts, of which they are to retell to the common people. This way, the clergymen have the right to alter or omit pieces they don’t want shared with the public. This also establishes a higher status above the common people, who are told they could never dream of understanding the texts on their own; “ The records of the holy inquisition are full of histories we dare not give to the world, because they are beyond the belief of

The crusades between 1095 and 1250 had not only changed the way crusading was carried out, but also the purpose of it. Cynical self – interest, finance and religious passion were key aspects for the popularity of crusading. The main purpose of The Crusades was to recover or defend territories such as The Holy Land. Geographically the Holy Land was in a position of frequent attacks due to Palestine lying along the Mediterranean Sea, thus Muslims having easy access there. The meaning of the word crusade means ‘going to the cross’, therefore this explicitly emphasises that the Crusades sole purpose and popularity would be to restore the Holy Lands from the Muslim Turks, emphasising religious passion. The four Crusades consisted in success, humiliation

During the Medieval period, avid church goers and clergymen had many fears regarding heresy, one of which was the spread of doubt within the faith. In a time when only churchmen could read and write, it was their teachings of the

While the definition of historiography has been slightly amended over time, ‘the study of the way history has been and is written’ appears to be the approved meaning.1 Essentially, from my understanding, historiography is the evaluation of interpretations by historians over time. For example, Geoffrey de Villehardouin’s Memoirs of the Fourth Crusades stands out as a prominent historical foundation, as very few written accounts of the Crusades describe the political, economic, religious and military events preceding up to, and subsequently succeeding, from a [the] first person standpoint.2 Memoirs of the Fourth Crusade is thus reviewed as a uniquely distinguishable, primary source that affords historians with an incomparable written record

Although the original Templar organization was eventually destroyed by a jealous and indebted King Philip of France in 1307, the Knight’s accomplishments and contributions to Europe have had such a profound effect that they continue to influence the modern world (Martin 123-124)#. Many Templar supporters and Knights escaped persecution and arrest in France by fleeing to Switzerland, Germany, Spain, and England. There, they continued their business activities underground or through other orders and names (Martin 140-141). From the original Templar banks grew the famous Swiss security and privacy based bank accounts of the extremely wealthy. Their banks no longer had the freedom it enjoyed during the Templar’s Golden Age, but its location in a neutral country with a highly organized military force gave patrons incentive to invest in Swiss Bank accounts (Sora 27).#

Called Fallen Ones, winged jackals, and night devils, they are a tribe of vampires long-believed extinct. Until now... In this medieval dark fantasy epic, Aleric the Falconer, torn by war from his beloved, falls prey to Pythia, the savage mistress whose embrace means death."If you like Game of Thrones and vampires, you'll love The Vampyricon."* – USA Today bestselling author Robert Swartwood.

Partner treats all of this more as a fairy tale than actual fact and simply fantasies of the Enlightenment and Romance areas but also points out that "this does not mean that the story is trivial," and claims this Templar myth belongs to the poetic and visionary experience that is similiar to William Blake's poetry or the later Jungian psychoanalysis dream mysticism. However, this quick dismissal does not explain many of the parallels of their secret rites that the Templars confessed under torture to earlier sources that explain the heresy of the various Gnostic groups by the early heresy hunters of the Church. Their supposed idol of Baphomet also has many connections to spiritual movements that the Church would find at the very least suspicious -- including Medieval Witchcraft, Hermetism, the Ophites, Mandaeanism, and even Manichaean dualism. All of these movements would have eventually condemned in varying degrees by Orthodoxy. Partner also points out that the main source of criticism of the Tempalrs came from the same source of their main sponsorship and protection from the papacy. Pope Innocent III issued an especially vehement condemnation in a bull by smearing the Templar reputation by accusing them of all sorts of lurid conjectures including that they were liars and employed

The group was founded in the year 1118 by Hugh de Payens, who later would become the first Grand Master of the Knight Templar. They are most widely recognized because of the red cross they wore on their tunics, though that right wasn’t given to the group until 1147 by Pope Eugene III (Biema). The knights were to protect people during their pilgrimage or travels to the Holy Land. The Knights had two groups.

Over the past 30 years, technology has been evolving at a pace faster than we've seen before in recorded human history. The mathematical theory of the Zipf graph would once again be proven true if we could formally quantify these progressions into numbers. Unfortunately, the world isn't so binary. Not everything can be crunched down into pure numbers. What may be a life-saving invention to a farmer could very much be laughable to someone like Elon Musk, whose entire life is built on silicone and solder.

When at the Legion of Honor, we as a group came across a painting known as “The Pâté” which was completed by French artist John Baptiste Oudry in 1743. Some quick dimensions of the painting include, 69 3/4 x 49 (177.2 x 124.5 cm) being a rather average size painting in that century in that geographical location. The artist John Baptiste Oudry was a well known Rococo painter, tapestry designer as well as illustrator. Most of his praised work was centered around hunted game or animals in well forested landscapes. He attended the French Royal academy and towards the later end of his life was made head of the Beauvais tapestry. The painting which is a trompe-l 'œil, which literally translates to “fools the eye” was made during a time of economic and cultural prosperity in France and most parts of Europe. Under the reign of Louis XV we see acquisition of new land by France and relative economic strength at the populous level. This is also a times of artistic prosperity and freedom with the vast amount of academies and schools available to the population (nominally the rich, educated, particularly skilled). However, the only evidence of societal influence we see in this art piece is the French Royal insignia, on the mixing bowl that symbolizes French society and strength

Sufism has influenced many Muslims, and is, especially in the West, portrayed and regarded as a valuable and legitimate part of the Islamic faith. Fazlur Rahman, in his work Islam, says that “considerable ink has been spent by modern scholarship on the ‘origins’ of Sufism in Islam, as to how far it is ‘genuinely’ Islamic and how far a product, in the face of Islam, of outside influences, particularly Christian and Gnostic.”4 Rahman seems to hint that some of this ink has been wasted, as he concludes that “outside influences must have played an accessory role and these no one may deny, but they must have supervened upon an initial native tendency.” However, aside from a vague