Michael Wigglesworth's Wrathful Poetry
Michael Wigglesworth was born in England in 1631. He came over to America with his family at the age of seven. He was raised in the town of New Haven, Connecticut until he went to Harvard at sixteen. He graduated in 1651 but remained a tutor for three years. He was called to the ministry and accepted a call to a church in Malden, Massachusetts, in 1655 and remained in that town the rest of his life. He had three wives and eight children.
Wigglesworth was a small and extremely frail man. Due to his sickness, he went to Bermuda for seven months in 1663, and there he began to study medicine, which was his initial interest before the ministry. After this trip, he was a physician as well as a
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The poem itself captures the Puritan Spirit of the day. It focuses on the last day of judgement, but what makes it Puritan is the emphasis on hellfire and the fate of the unbelievers. It can be called the "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" of poetry, but "Doom" has a more positive side. The poem reassures the reader that the believers or the 'elect' have nothing to fear on the Day of Judgment more so than "Sinners" reassures people.
Although positive pictures of the last day do occur in this poem, the majority of the content is focused on the goats, or the dammed. (In the Gospel of Matthew 25:31-46, there is a parable about the last day. Jesus comes back to judge the world and separates the sheep from the goats. The goats are put on His left side, and the sheep on his right. The sheep are the saved, and the goats are the dammed. Wigglesworth refers to the sheep and goats throughout this poem.) He starts the poem out as the event being a surprise to the people on earth living their lives of sin. Then the sinners try to hide but are unsuccessful, and all come before the Lord to be judged. When Wigglesworth first introduces the sheep and the goats, he gives five stanzas for the sheep (22-26) and eleven for the goats (27-37). This is symbolic for the rest of the poem, where the emphasis is obviously on the goats. This was common to Puritanism, where the element of driving fear into the people was prevalent. This talk is even strong enough at times to make
The tone and mood are both very angry, with a lot of yelling going on, and using words to voice his concern like, “It’s scary” and “we are powerless”. But with every poem there is a deeper meaning. I think the deeper meaning of this poem is warning us where technology will take us. Throughout the poem he is showing examples of how life was before technology and how life is now, so then when you really start thinking about the poem, you have to think of where technology will take us. This is shown in lines 46-47.
Before we pass on from this world it would be nice if we had left our mark, given our contribution, made our claim in the history of human civilization. Wouldn't it be wonderful to achieve such a goal? Wouldn't it be horrible to have attained that level of recognition and yet be recognized for things you deemed inferior? In the poem "The Poet", Paul Laurence Dunbar expresses his remorse at having written superior Standard English literature and yet only be known and praised for his Dialect works.
Langston Hughes clearly connects with a wide range of audiences through the simplicity that surrounds his poetry. The beauty of this manner in which he wrote his poetry, is that it grasp people by illustrating his narratives of the common lifestyles experienced by the current American generation. His art form expresses certain questionable ideologies of life and exposes to the audience what it takes to fully comprehend what being an American truly means. Each individual poem describes and illustrates the strength and hardships the African American community was experiencing. Through his literature art form of poetry, Hughes was able to convey the common assertions of
A huddle of horns And a tinkle of glass A note Handed down from Marcus to Malcolm To a brother Too bad and too cool to give his name. Sometimes despair Makes the stoops shudder Sometimes there are endless depths of pain Singing a capella on street corners
An important metaphor Edwards depicts is “The glittering sword is whet, hot, ready to receive them,” (page 2). This is describing the pits of hell, prepared for the unrepentant sinners in his congregation. Another extreme metaphor he uses is, “Sin is the ruin and misery of the soul; it is destructive in its nature”, (page 2). He wants the Puritans to understand that their sins will cause them pain and misery. Edwards uses these to describe the unimaginable terror and horror that is waiting for them if they do not repent their sinful
Edwards uses terrifying and harsh diction to convey that the Puritan congregation needs to pursue a life of humility and righteousness. Word like “violent anger”, “threatened”, and “wicked” that have negative connotations describe what God’s wrath will feel like on non-believers. It also conveys the point that Puritans are predestined and will not have to deal with this, convincing people that they need to be serious about becoming a Puritan. The passage where Edwards describes Hell also has strong diction that conveys that the Puritan lifestyle should be pursued. Phrases like “Hellish desires reign”, “The pit has its
In the last two lines of the poem, ”Then mine apparel shall display before ye That I am Clothed in Holy robes for glory”. The ending of the lines is near rhyme which causes the reader to break pattern and adds emphasis to the lines. The lines draw everything together and bring the motivation for the Puritan way of life to the forefront. The speaker wants to use all the work God does in her life to bring glory to him and to finally meet him in heaven.
Hawthorne’s use of elaborate symbolism is seen through out the entire story. The naïve man represents all people, who at first are blind to all the wicked darkness in life. The forest is a foreshadowing of evil, and is used to set the atmosphere in the story. Hawthorne cleverly uses "Faith" as the Puritan’s wife’s name to show his readers that even those whom we entrust with our most intimate love and faith often experience the same temptations and desires as the rest of mankind. The Devil’s fire, around which all the townspeople danced, is a representation of all their sins. At the end of the Puritan’s journey his transformation is a symbol of what happens to people when faced with the realization that no individual is sinless. This situation is similar to when a child discovers that its once loving and all knowing parents have flaws, it goes through this transition and it too looses its innocence. Through this gloomy allegory filled will elaborate symbolism Hawthorne conveys his ideas on the darkness of human nature.
3.. The tile itself is an allusion to a biblical reference. The line “Grapes of Wrath” comes from a Hymn, songs sang in churches, titled “The Battle Hymn of the Republic.” The journey that the Joad family goes on is a biblical allusion to the Exodus Journey. All the parts of the Journey can be traced back to the Bible. When the drought that stops the family from working in family comes to the journey to california and to working in california. The farm because their prison like the prisoners of the Pharaoh, and their journey to run away from the Pharaoh and to the Promised land can be seen throughout the entirety of the book. Although it might not be that obvious, the tale of Noah’s ark can be see through the family as they go from one car to another throughout the journey. “Noah stood on the ground looking up at the great load of them sitting on top of the truck.” (The Grapes, P. 84) Jim Casy can also be seen as Moses. Casy acts as a leader and helped the Joads start a new life much like moses who guided people out of Egypt. Joads “resurrection” as Jim Casy can also be alluded to the Bible. Ma joad can also be seen as the Virgin Mary From the Bible. She reveals her strength and is very selfless and knows her morals. Rose of Sharon can also be seen as the Virgin Mary. Rose of Sharon is very humble and helps many people throughout the journey and shows selflessness and humbleness. The allusions to the Bible is very important in this novel because it helps deliver that
In the poem the main focus is on Mary who is already declared a witch and is going to be hanged. The setting of this occurs at 7 o’clock. The beginning of the verse starts off using a literary metaphor to describe the atmosphere. The author uses her own diction of words that also represent something other than the words she uses. From the author you can practically see what is happening to her as she also uses similes to describe and classify the actions that are happening. “ I didn’t feel the smashed flesh closing over it like water over a stoned floor.” Margaret
Edwards’s application of imagery is a way to invoke fear into the Puritan sermon. He states, “The wrath of God is like great waters that are dammed for the present; they increased more and more, and rise higher and higher, till an outlet is given; and the longer the stream is stopped, the more rapid and mighty is its course, when once it is let loose” (1). Edwards does
First, the works perceive the Puritan beliefs and develop and understanding of the final days by significant details in the work itself. Wigglesworth describes the last days and hell many times in his work. The goal was to paint a horrendous picture of the final days for those who were primed to meet their maker. Wigglesworth tries to portray heaven as a sublime place of happiness. Wigglesworth states that believers were made “kings and priests to God through Christ’s dear love’s transcendency” (Wigglesworth, 219-234). Also, Taylor’s work, “Christ Reply”, compares to Wigglesworth’s in the fact that one of the goals was to portray heaven as a happy place. It also informs readers that Jesus Christ was with them in any obstacle and although followers may grow tire sum the Journey was worth the reward. Taylor also describes heaven as “If silver-like this fire refine Thy soul and make the brighter shine: Wilt thou bewail the dross?”(Taylor,280-283). Both
He preaches that the wickedness of the congregation was as “heavy as lead” (para. 27). Therefore, Edwards compares their chances of saving themselves from Hell to the likelihood that “a spider’s web would have to stop a fallen rock” (para. 27). This analogy shows the depth and magnitude of the peoples’ sin and their complete dependence on God. In order to make people turn from their sinful ways, he compares God’s wrath to many striking images. Edwards creates fear with metaphors by comparing an abstract concept like God holding sinners over the pit of Hell to a person who “holds a spider, or some loathsome insect, over the fire” (para. 32). The use of metaphor is effective because frightening images remind the Puritan congregation that Hell is real. Another powerfully delivered image is the “bow of God’s wrath” (para. 29) that is bent, whose arrow is ready and pointed to pierce the heart of the sinner. The bow is interpreted as God’s anger at sin, and the arrow is the punishment. This metaphor conveys the power of God by revealing how only God has the power to keep the arrow “from being made drunk with your blood” (para. 29). Through the use of metaphors, Edwards stresses God’s mercy and frightens the congregation in order for them to return to
Another recurring theme that the author points out is fate and the journey to the afterlife. In the poem, God represents fate itself, controlling people’s destiny”No man has ever faced the dawn certain which of fate’s three threats would fall: illness, or age, or an enemy’s sword, snatching the life from his soul.” (lines 68-71). The author is saying that nothing is going to change our fate, and we should be fine with that.
The Day of Doom is not just any ordinary poem. Michael Wigglesworth, the poet, wrote this poem in such a way that the reader in the end should ask themselves this question, what must I do to be saved? The words of each stanza are crafted in ordinance with scriptures of the Bible. “The Puritans believed that the Bible was God’s true law, and that it provided a plan for living” (Kizer). Wigglesworth’s ultimate goal in writing this poem as a Puritan minister was to stress the ramifications of sin but also to glorify the reward of salvation. “Words of hell fire and brimstone flowed from the mouths of eloquent ministers as they warned of the persuasiveness of the devil’s power” (Kizer).