Micro Controller At Mega - 328

It is a communication method for bits traveling to the design location between input, memory, processors, and output devices. The bit also represents the physical lines over which the data is sent. The bus helps to reduce the amount of "lanes" required for communication between the components mentioned above. The bus does this by sending all communications over a single data channel. The speed at which the bus transmits data is measured by frequency (hertz) in cycles based upon transmit and receive time per second. The bus is simply a local highway. Data and address are two types of buses. The address bus provides a specific physical address and carries memory addresses needed for the processor to access in order to read or write data. The data bus pass on the required data coming and going to the processor. There is also a control bus that carries orders and synchronize signals from the control unit in route to the other hardware components. In other words, the control does the directing for information flow and identifies in what way data routing should occur through the

BIOS (Basic Input Output System): BIOS set up the computer and boot the operating system it also handles the system setup process including driver loading.

What do CPU’s do? The CPU is the Central Processing Unit; its aim is to be there the act as the brain of the computer. Other common name for the CPU is the processor. It is in control of the power the computer is receiving and using and the calculations that enable to the computer to be used. CPUs come in differing form factors and each has a particular way in which it will fit on to the motherboard. The most common manufactures of this part that people will know are Intel and AMD. The CPU is in charge of allowing programmes to be used. The CPU sorts the commands of a program into an order which enables it to be used.

A CPU, is what is regularly alluded to as a processor. A processor contains numerous discrete parts inside it, for example, one or more memory reserves for directions and information, guideline decoders, and different sorts of execution units for performing number juggling or legitimate operations.

c) The memory chip reply with the data from the demanded memory position on the data bus.

CPU stands for Central Processing Unit and it’s the brain of the computer. CPU executes instructions that enable the operating system and application software to run on a system. Inside the CPU we can find three main components which are the ALU, Control Unit and memory unit. ALU stands for Arithmetic and Logic Unit and performs calculations like addition, multiplication, division and subtraction. It also compares results using “greater than”, “less than” or “equal to”. Control Unit controls the operation of the memory unit, processor and input/output units. Memory unit is where all data that the CPU may need to process is stored. The data is stored in the memory in binary form.

Answer: hardware and software is the core of the computer without it computer cannot perform its task. The PC contains various electronic components that we are able to see when we open it. By only pc by itself cannot perform their task on their own. Our PC needs something to get instructed to set it on where we need software to perform it. There are six different component of hardware to function the computer .The first one is central processing unit(CPU )it is the brain of the

This section gives the details and specification of the hardware on which the system is expected to work.

The processor receives the instructions from the operating system takes the information from the software and hardware then gives instructions to the processor, in simple terms the processor in one cycle fetches an instruction then decodes the instruction and finally executes the instruction when this is done it returns to the original step of fetching a new instruction.

There are two types of control unit which are hardwired and micro program where hardwired are for fixed architecture and are typically RISC and cost more than micro program because of the time required to design the circuits , but they are faster. Micro program control units are slower than hardwired but are easier and cheaper to implement as the instructions are stored in special control memory. The control unit controls all data going in, out and inside the CPU. The control unit decodes the data from ram and turns it into an instruction depending on what instruction set the control unit is programed or hardwired to have. Then if the instruction involves any logic or mathamatical caluculations it gets sent to the alu

A core is usually the basic computation unit of the CPU - it can run a single program context (or multiple ones if it supports hardware threads such as hyperthreading on Intel CPUs), maintaining the correct program state, registers, and correct execution order, and performing the operations through ALUs.

Computer architecture is a set of rules that say how software and hardware interact to create a network or platform. In other words computer architecture is the design of the network base on the needs of the user, the system if it is there or needs to be built, and the technology that needs to go into the project. System design is all how all the hardware is set up while the instruction set architecture is the program language.

a. The Input / Output Process - simply put anything that puts input into the computer is an Input device, such as a keyboard or mouse. Output is what comes out such as typing on the keyboard will give you output on your display monitor and some things do both such as a hard drive.

This gave rise to the popular microcontroller known as “Arduino” which is used in many electronic design projects today. It works on the C-language and its software and components are open source

The program logic is written in embedded c program by using Kiel micro vision environment. The program written is then converted in the hex code after simulation and burned onto the microcontroller using FLASH micro vision.