Micro-Expression Of Sadnessness

Science released an article entitled “Facial Expressions—Including Fear—May Not Be as Universal as We Thought”, written by Michael Pierce on October 17, 2016. In this article Pierce discusses how 50 years ago it was assumed that facial expressions were universal. However, it has been found that in the present day, this may not be the case. Expressions such as happiness, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, or hunger, were all assumed to be expressed the same way as well as interpreted the same way. A study was conducted in the Trobriand Islands, were Trobrianders were shown as series of photos with facial expressions. They were asked to describe the emotions they interpreted from the photos, the results were intriguing. Pierce (2016) describes how

Facial Expression: The facial expression such as happiness, sadness, anger and fear helps a lot in conveying a message. These facial expressions are similar all over the world but non- verbal communication and behaviour varies hugely between the cultures in the world.Since the look on a person’s face is noticed , before we hear ,facial expression contributes a lot in a successfully non-verbal communication .

His findings helped psychologist gain knowledge in how facial expressions play an important part in human interactions. His work helps doctors identify when patients are being deceitful and prevent them from harming themselves in the future. Today, Ekman continues to be an influential leader in the field of psychology. He has developed training programs to help people decipher people’s emotions, help people enhance their relationships with others and help people develop a sense of empathy for others. In addition to his work Ekman is an active consultant on emotional expression to judges, lawyers, government agencies such as the FBI and CIA.

To learn the emotion of surprise with knowledge than it could lead one to frightened or excited.

Joy and sadness are two of the strongest human emotions. The appeal towards feeling both joy and sadness was incredibly effective. Humans are emotional creatures who are able to relate to the pain and happiness of others. Watching another person feel the agony of loss, as well as, experience the kindness of another individual, brings about memories and connections to those emotions. Displaying feelings of both joy and sadness was a magnification of the way human’s emotional appeal

Dr. Matsumoto is an acclaimed psychologist in the study of facial expressions and emotions. One of the most significant contributions is with a micro expression training tool. It was developed to assist one’s ability to read micro expressions. This tool is owned and sold by Humintell, which Dr. Matsumoto is a director for. The benefits of the training tool are to

Most people are surprised to learn exactly how much information they communicated about themselves through their facial expressions. The intricacies of what one does with their the eyes, eyebrows, forehead, lips, tongue, teeth, and mouth while listening or talking combine to send some

Haggard and Isaacs were the first to describe micro expressions (calling them “micro momentary expressions”) in their study of psychotherapeutic interviews. They explained the appearance of “micros” as the result of repression; the patient did not know how he or she was feeling. Haggard and Isaacs also implied that these fleeting expressions could not be recognized in real time, but Ekman and Friesen later showed that, with training, anyone could learn to see “micros” when they occurred. Ekman and Friesen also broadened the explanation of why micros occur.

Micro expressions normally only last for 1/15th or 1/25th of a second. According to research they are the same in every culture, race, etc. They show one of the seven emotions that have universal signs. The emotions are as follows: fear, disgust, contempt, happiness, sadness, surprise, and anger. The first step in reading micro expressions is intently studying these seven emotions. When studying the universal sign for fear you should watch for

Only certain people can distinguish a genuine smile from a facial expression used to cover up interior feelings. I considered Jesse’s life. I had realized that some strangers on the street, my peers, even my closest friends can be struggling with personal experiences but are masking that agony with a smile. These people are smiling for the purpose of transmitting a chain reaction of happiness. They are covering their pain to ensure they spread happiness and love to people who see them everyday.

Paul Ekman, who is the world’s leading expert on facial expressions, learned that smiles are “cross-cultural” and have the identical meaning in diverse cultures. A smile is also one of the most basic, physically identical expressions of all mankind. Ekman discovered in studies he led in Papua New Guinea that members of the Fore tribe (who are entirely detached from Western culture and are also known for their extraordinary cannibalism beliefs) recognized smiles to images of situations in the same way we would. Smiling is not just a worldwide method of communicating; it’s also a frequent one. According to studies; more than 30% of Americans smile more than twenty times a day and less than 14% of Americans smile less than five times a day. Those

Theoretically, under this circumstance, the expressions were adequately intense to communicate the correct emotional experience, but the procedure failed to make that experience salient. The directions for assessing facial expressions instructed participants to “indicate the intensity of the emotion.” Upon encountering the photographs during the procedure, it is possible that the wording of directions cued participants to appraise the expressions with a somewhat scientific mindset. Different results might be obtained by an experiment designed to more specifically create salience for the feeling and experience of the person in the picture instead of creating salience for the particular contortions of his or her face. One way to do this would be to change the wording of the directions to something such as, “How much has bullying hurt this person?” Other ways of creating salience for the actual person doing the expressing might be to use color photographs instead of black-and-white, and enlarging the printed image on the page. Ultimately, methodological designs to address this issue must be motivated by the notion that excitation can only be misattributed to a stimulus as that stimulus is conceived in consciousness. Therefore, the mental representation of the stimulus (picture of expression on paper vs. a person experiencing feelings) matters

Paul Ekman was born in 1934 and at age 14 his mother committed suicide after suffering from severe bi-polar disorder. At that point, he decided he wanted to study facial expressions of emotion in order to assist other people before such tragic outcomes occurred. By the time he was 15, he had enrolled in University of Chicago and became interested in group therapy. He earned his Bachelor’s degree in 1954 and in 1958 he had earned his Ph.D. in clinical psychology at Adelphi University. His Master’s thesis was about the study of facial expressions and body movement. From 1960 to 2004 he worked at the University of California and starting in 1963 he received continual research grants from the National Institute of Mental Health for 40 years to study nonverbal behavior.

The article is a review which was written by Cecilia Bourke, Katie Douglas and Richard Porter. It was published in the year 2010 in the 44th volume of the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry from pages 681 to 696. The research was on the processing of facial expressions of emotion in human beings when faced with depression. The article is a review of several studies on these topics which have employed a wide range of methods to investigate the abnormal processing of facial expression in the face of major depression. This review was written with the aim of examining and interpreting data from these studies while evaluating their methodology and results(Bourke, Douglas, & Porter, 2010).

Interested in disproving the widely accepted idea that facial expressions are completely universal, the collaborators who wrote this article conducted a study to do so. Participants composed of Western Caucasian and East Asian peoples were asked to view 4,800 computer-generated faces and identify which emotion they were expressing. The results showed that the East Asian group had more trouble differentiating between negative facial expressions, suggesting they are culturally encouraged to suppress such emotions. Additionally, they observed that Western Caucasians showed and perceived emotions in the lower face while Eastern Asians did so in the eyes. Based on their findings, the researchers concluded that while the six basic emotions apply to Western cultures, they are less prevalent in Eastern cultures, suggesting that facial expressions that were once universal have taken on different meanings around the world due to cultural differences.