Microbiota Transplant Essay

Clostridium difficile (C. diff) is a type of bacterium that can cause a person to endure diarrhea like symptoms to more drastic symptoms that may involve inflammation of the colon. Most people who come across C. diff are expected to be in a hospital setting for an extensive period of time. It is more accessible to acquire C. diff when a person is of old age, in a hospital setting, and taking antibiotic medication (Mayo Clinic, 2016). Normally, one would think that taking antibiotics would not cause any harm to the body, but would instead help the body fight off diseases. However, once a person who has been taking antibiotics for a long period of time stops taking them, such as in a nursing home or hospital setting, that person can develop some reactions in the absence of those antibiotics (Bartlett, 2012). This reaction, then allows the person to experience diarrhea symptoms, which lead to inflammation of the colon and more drastic colon problems.

The patient is positive for C. Diff, this is causing her to have diarrhea. The diarrhea is causing the patient to be dehydrated because she isn’t retaining any water. This is causing her kidneys to not function properly.

761). Since the nutrients in the intestines are available due to the good bacteria being destroyed, Clostridium difficile uses the nutrients to multiply and releases the toxins , which attack the lining of the intestines, thus causing colitis (Fordtran, 2006, pp. 3).

Clostridium difficile involves a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium, which is a normal element of the colon flora in people. The Clostridium difficile can cause antibiotic-associated diarrhea when the competing bacteria in the gut flora are all killed by antibiotic treatment. The Clostridium difficile infection is one of the serious healthcare-related infection and also a rising health care problem. In the early 1970s, the Clostridium difficile has been known to have the ability to cause pseudomembranous colitis. As stated, the infection is the most cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea (Aktories & Wilkins, 2000). Individuals that are colonized with clostridium difficile serve as the reservoir for infection and this is by contaminating the environment with spores of such bacteria. This will lead to the spread of the organism on the health care worker’s hands or even through the use of medical equipment. In this paper, we are going to focus on the effective prevention strategies for clostridium difficile. What are the effective prevention strategies for clostridium difficile?

Clostridium difficile, a nosocomial pathogen, is of critical importance. By 2010 it was the most prevalent healthcare-related pathogen globally [1], accounting for 20-30% of antibiotic-associated diarrheal cases in healthcare settings [2]. Symptoms of C. difficile infection (CDI) are significant and include severe diarrhea and dehydration. In more serious cases, CDI can result in pseudomembranous colitis, bowel perforation, sepsis and even death [3, 4].Beyond serious impact upon patients, CDI is costing multiple billions of dollars in hospital care in the United States alone [5]. Clearly the need exists to identify and characterize the infection and toxicity pathways of C. difficile.

Clostridium difficile is a spore forming, anaerobic, toxin-producing, gram-positive bacillus that is the most common cause of nosocomial, antibiotic-associated diarrhea (15-25%).1,2,3 The pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is the result of broad spectrum antibiotics, such as clindamycin, flouroquinolones or ceftriaxone, which reduces the population of normal bowel flora and allowing for an overgrowth of C. difficile.1,2 The toxins synthesized by C. difficile, A and B, lead to the inflammation and damage of the intestinal mucosa creating the symptoms of C. difficile infection (CDI). These symptoms can range from asymptomatic carriers, to mild diarrhea to sudden and occasionally deadly colitis. The clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of CDAD recommends the use of metronidazole (MET) and vancomycin (VAN) that is dependent upon the severity of the CDI.1,2,3

Stool culture- standard because of high specify and sensitive also takes very long to be clinically useful.

CDI cannot be treated with many antibiotics, and as early as 2000 another strain appeared that was resistant to even more antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones (“Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance.”). This new strain creates more toxins and can show up in people not normally considered at risk for CDI infection, like those who have not been hospitalized or treated with antibiotics (“C. difficile infection.”). This aggressive strain only adds more danger to an already resistant bacteria. As antibiotics became more common, they were prescribed for thousands of common illnesses. Over time, Clostridium difficile has built up a resistance to antibiotics to become a major concern. Even more frightening, it has started to appear in the community. In fact, the Centers for Disease Control rate it as an urgent threat. Superbugs like CDI are becoming a more ever-present threat and we must continually work towards newer and more effective treatments to counteract the bacterias frightening ability to resist us (“Antibiotic/Antimicrobial Resistance.”). CDI is just one of many superbugs, however, and others pose just as great a

In order for transplants to be successful, there are steps that should be followed. From the beginning, the correct information should be given prior to

Clostridium difficile infection is a suprainfection cause by prolong use of antibiotics. Board spectrum antibiotic such as Penicillins, clindamycin, and cephalosporins are the antimicrobial drugs most commonly associated with C difficile colitis. According to Owens, in his research, C. difficile is primarily acquired in hospitals. Spread by spores, it can colonize a patient’s gut after helpful gut bacteria are killed by antibiotics. Its toxins can cause severe diarrhea and colitis, and it can be fatal (Owens 2013). On the other hand Kim in his research agreed clostridium difficile infection has been considered a hospital-acquired infection. However, a recent population-based study found 41% of CDIs were actually community acquired. It is becoming apparent that community acquired CDI affects populations previously thought to be at low risk; younger patients and patients who had no exposure to antibiotics in the 12 weeks before the infection. Thus, it is necessary to advocate and teach patient about

What I learned about poop pills that they cure gut infections. Thomas Louie is a Dr but many people had died during the process 14,000 died. They did fecal transplant but in c-diff was to painful and to expensive. They had tested the poop pills so the won't dissolve in room temperature.Usual the patients will be able to have a fecal transplant in there patents but they aw deleting it because some people are doing it there self

C. difficile is a Gram-positive obligate anaerobic or microaerophilic, rod-shaped bacterium. It is found in nature in water, air, human and animal feces, on most surfaces (especially in hospitals) and most prevalently in soil. C. difficile causes mild to severe diarrhea and intestinal conditions like inflammation of the colon (pseudomembranous colitis). C. difficile is the most frequent cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitals and long-term care facilities in the U.S. and many other nations. C. difficile is found in some healthy people but is not a major constituent of the microflora in colons of healthy adults but can grow to large populations in people that are treated with antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum antibiotics. This is because the antibiotics kill off the

Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that infects humans, animals, water, soil, feces and food products. Clostridium difficile also known as C. diff or C. difficile is an asymptomatic infection due to the spore-forming bacterium which causes inflammation of the colon. C. diff is very contagious; it is a microorganism that can be spread from person to person by touch or direct contact. Symptoms with severe infections cause watery diarrhea ten to fifteen times a day, rapid heart rate, blood or pus in stool, dehydration, kidney failure, increased white cell count and, abdominal cramping. Symptoms with mild to moderate infections cause watery diarrhea three to more times a day and abdominal cramping. Approximal half a million people get infected with C. diff each year in the United States.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a practice that many people may have not heard of, or possibly do not fully understand. FMT is a treatment that can help get rid of many different conditions such as Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and other various diseases and infections. I have read the article Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Emerging Applications by Thomas J. Borody and Alexander Khoruts and now have a better understanding of FMT and what it can do to help make advancements in the medical field. After reviewing this article I found that fecal microbiota transplantation is a very helpful solution to many different diseases, though it is not a typical treatment that first comes to mind. I think that FMT could be one of the next best treatments to fix different problems inside the body. I personally feel that more people should be better educated about fecal microbiota transplantation and all of the amazing medical advances that are likely to come from it.