Microorganism Research Paper

There are three forms of symbiotic relationships namely mutualism, commensalism and parasitism. The partners in a symbiotic relationship may either benefit from, be unaffected by, or be harmed by the kind of relationship that exists between them, (Berg 2007). Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both the partners benefit from the relationship, (Berg 2007). Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship whereby one party benefits while the other party is neither harmed nor benefits, (Berg 2007). Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one party benefits while the other is harmed, (Berg 2007).

There are many reasons for knowing the identity of microorganisms. The reasons range from knowing the causative agent of a disease in a patient, so as to know how it can be treated, to knowing the correct microorganism to be used for making certain foods or antibiotics. This study was done by applying all of the methods that I have been learned so far in the microbiology laboratory class for the identification of an unknown bacterium.

Citrobacter Freundii is a species of bacteria that can be potentially harmful to humans. It is known to cause meningitis by protruding into the brain and replicating itself (1). The Citrobacter species has also been found as a cause of some urinary tract infections, diarrhea, and even gastrointestinal diseases and symptoms (3). C. Freundii can be located in a wide variety of soils and water (3). Lastly, it is also the cause of many nosocomial infections due to its presence in water (1).

BSP, S. (2010). How is EM different from light microscopy? Retrieved April 25, 2015, from http://bsp.med.harvard.edu/node/222

After many performed test such as the API 20E test strip, motility test, inoculated plates, gram stain, an identification flow chart which began with the results from an indole, MR, VP, and citrate test. This amongst many other test. These results brought the conclusion of my unknown culture to be Escherichia coli, my unknown number was 11.

The orgimsms involved in Escherichia coli 0157 is an anaerobic bacterium which is shaped like a rod and is Gram-negative. Escherichia is a foodborne pathogen which causes a variety of disease in humans worldwide. Cattle are the reservoir to the diseases. Between 1% and 50% of healthy cattle carry or shed E.coli by means of their faeces. The cattle can also contract the infection after slaughter as conmtanation can occur during slaughter or while the beef is being proceed into products suitable for human consumption. In the United states the most common way of transmission of the disease is through consuming contaminated food and water. Although it is also frequently spread from person to person impartial in communities where there is a high concentration of children such as child care services and primary schools.

In order for growth to occur microorganisms need to obtain energy. One of those ways is by either the use of oxygen or not using oxygen. Microorganisms that require oxygen are obligate aerobes. It is essential for

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms. Their cell structure is very unique because they don't have a nucleus, and most bacteria have cell walls similar to plant cells. They come in different shapes including rods, spirals, and spheres. Some bacteria can "swim" around using their tails called flagella. Others just stay still or move with the others. Most bacteria aren't dangerous, but some can make us sick. These bacteria are called pathogens. Pathogens can cause diseases in animals and plants. Some examples of pathogens are food poisoning, pneumonia, and tetanus. This online

An obligate aerobe is an organism that requires oxygen to grow. Through cellular respiration, these organisms use oxygen to metabolize substances, like sugars or fats, to obtain energy.

Aphids possess bacteriocytes that are specific to its obligate mutualist, Buchnera aphidicola. It seems that this genus has lost genes that are essential to its life. Through Southern Blot analysis, Nikoh and Nakabachi have shown that these lost genes are actually encoded in the aphid genome. Through detailed structural and phylogenetic analyses, the full-length sequences of these transcripts were determined. This demonstrated that these transcripts are indeed significantly similar to multiple bacterial genes. While the Buchnera no longer possess these genes, other similar bacteria (E. Coli) possess these genes. Nikoh and Nakabachi were able to conclude that they found several pieces of evidence that show that aphids are indeed able to acquire genes from bacteria through lateral gene transfer. They also claim that these genes are used to maintain their obligate mutualistic relationship with the bacteria,

This experiment is about bacterial growth. We will demonstrate a bacterial growth curve using a closed system. Bacterial growth usually takes up to 12-24 hours to get an accurate result so we will be monitoring this growth between two classes. We also used different methods to determine bacterial growth as well as a few different calculations. One way of receiving data is by using a spectrophotometer where we will record the absorption at a given time to create the bacterial growth curve. We also used the plate count method after performing a serial dilution to calculate the actual cell density at different times given. By using this method we can count the population number of the same given and see the maximum cell density

Staphylococcus aureus- Is a facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive, salt positive, cocci shaped bacterium. Staphylococcus aureus is found as normal part of the skin floral in the nasal passages and on the skin. An estimated twenty percent of people naturally have harmless Staphylococcus aureus on their skin and are long-term carries for Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common strand of Staphylococcus in humans to date, spread through skin to skin contact or even skin to object contact that an a person infected with Staphylococcus aureus has touched. Staphylococcus aureus is coagulase positive, which induces clumping of the cells and of the blood. Staphylococcus

Bacillus aminovorans is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped species of bacteria. Samples of this species have been isolated from dust above the Atlantic Ocean. Though phenotypically similar to the species Sporosarcina globispora (formerly Bacillus globisporus), Bacillus marinus, and Bacillus insolitus, B. aminovorans is the only one of these species capable of using sucrose as a sole carbon

Life on this planet began with microorganisms. Through millions of years microorganisms have found ways to successfully adapt and survive. These adaptations have created a wide biodiversity, allowing them to basically populate in all places. Why are these microbes so important? Because they shape the history of our world. Some microbes can be deathly to humans while some others are favorable, for example, bacteria that lives in the gut of both humans and animals and helps during the process of digestion (Alfred Brown & Heidi Smith, 2006). Understanding these interactions help scientists to find ways to protect humans from potential deathly pathogens. In order to observe microbes, microscope proficiency and microorganisms’ identification are crucial skills in a microbiology lab. During this laboratory session, samples of environmental and human organisms were inoculated into two different rich media and incubated to their according temperature. After this, appropriate use and calibration of the microscope was performed. Lastly, morphology and size of different species of bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoan were recorded.

“Plants are boring.” That has been the belief of mankind for generations. Animals are obviously highly complex creatures with complex organ systems, and even more intricate organs like the brain. The animal brain is able to sense surroundings, detect eminent danger, form relationships with other animals, and recognize families. However, even without a brain, plants are capable of all this and more. For example, Parasitic plants such as the Dionaea muscipula are able to sense and trap their prey, the Mimosa pudica has the ability to sense touch and wilt, and plants like the Cuscuta Pentagona can sense volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from tomato plants to form a parasitic relationship (Biedrzycki M et al. 2010). Furthermore, some positive ways that plants exhibit communication includes kinship. As children, humans are taught to share their toys and food with their siblings. Plants it seems, have the same concept to ensure optimal growth and survival, as they act selflessly towards their relatives, share resources, and exhibit less competition and more cooperation with their kin. Plants are able to recognize fellow kin through responses to VOCs from relatives, and perform acts of altruism to kin by resource partitioning amongst siblings through root allocation (Karban R et al. 2013). The current research on plant kinship and areas of future research will be discussed, as well the controversies surrounding this subject. Despite the debate on plant kinship,