Microorganisms, Or Microbes, And Single Celled Organisms

Microbes are bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. The earth was formed 4.6 million years ago. And a few million years later, by 3.5 billion years ago, earth was already inhabited by a diversity of organisms. The earliest organism is Prokaryotes and within the next billion years, two distinct groups of prokaryotes called bacteria and archaea diverged. Eukaryotes cell evolved from a prokaryotes community, a host cell containing even smaller prokaryotes .The microbial world accounted for all known life forms for nearly 50 to 90% of Earth's history. We are still researching microbial organisms today in marine environment, extreme environments. A microbial observatory is an NSF-funded project dedicated to the discovery and characterization of novel microorganisms and microbial communities of diverse

plaque. Plaque is a biofilm, which is made up almost entirely of oral bacteria, contained in a matrix composed of salivary glycoproteins and extracellular polysaccharides.2,8plaque. Plaque is a biofilm, which is made up almost entirely of oral bacteria, contained in a matrix composed of salivary glycoproteins and extracellular polysaccharides.2,8plaque. Plaque is a biofilm, which is made up almost entirely of oral bacteria, contained in a matrix composed of salivary glycoproteins and extracellular polysaccharides.2,8plaque. Plaque is a biofilm, which is made up almost entirely of oral bacteria, contained in a matrix composed of salivary glycoproteins and extracellular

8.) Combine the results and information from the previous tests and establish the identity of the

After many performed test such as the API 20E test strip, motility test, inoculated plates, gram stain, an identification flow chart which began with the results from an indole, MR, VP, and citrate test. This amongst many other test. These results brought the conclusion of my unknown culture to be Escherichia coli, my unknown number was 11.

The objective of this experiment is to identify the organisms of two unknown bacterial cultures. Students must identify the species of the unknown bacteria by utilizing the techniques and information learned in previous laboratory exercises. These techniques include streaking for isolation, Gram staining, and specific biochemical tests. Students are given a map known as a dichotomous key, a guide in determining the identity of their unknown sample.

Biofilms play a crucial role in the persistence of lung infections in CF patients due to the protective extracellular matrix that is formed by the bacterial community (5). This barrier limits the penetration of antibiotics and results in varying nutrient gradients, allowing for a diverse range of bacteria (5). Bacteria inside this biofilm are able to sense the presence of other cells, and alter their properties accordingly to suit the environment. This is particularly interesting as the bacterial communities within a biofilm may compete with each other for dominance in the biofilm (6). Therefore, bacterial competition may impact the treatment and actions needed to treat biofilms in the lungs of CF patients

This research paper is a primary research paper because the paper indicates that a study was done by several biologist and scientist on the microbial community in the Rhizosphere. Therefore, all the research, answers, and conclusion they all concluded based on their study was explained throughout this paper based on all the information they gathered. Also, the authors explain the process and methods they used to carry out and conduct this research on the microbial communities. I came down to this conclusion by understanding what they wrote is backed up by evidence by explaining the procedure they carried out to study these microbial communities.

: In the field of microbiology, there are times when a sample will contain more than one species of bacteria. The goal is to separate each bacterium and culture them independently from one another to identify them. This was the objective of this lab. Each stock contained two unknown bacterium, and the possible unknowns were Eserichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, and Salmonella enterica. The tests available were MacConkey agar, Endo agar, Hektoen Enteric agar, Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA), carbohydrate sugar broths, Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar, decarboxylase broths (arginine, lysine, and ornithine), Simmon’s Citrate Agar, urease

I am a young Saudi woman with a BS in Biotechnology degree seeking admission to the MS in Cell and Microbial Biology at The Catholic University of America. I have recently completed my English language studies at University of Washington International & English Language Programs, in preparation for my graduate studies, for I have been awarded with a scholarship that covers all tuition and living expenses for the duration of my stay in the U.S. and I intend to maximize on this opportunity by earning a MS in Cell and Microbial Biology degree from The Catholic University of America

Biofilms are a major concern to the public health since they can be highly resistant to antimicrobial agents. They provide a basis for chronic infections such as cystic fibrosis. The bacteria responsible for chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients is Pseuomonas Aeruginosa (P.Aeruginosa) and is the most commonly studied biofilm infection (Høiby, 2017). This causes a major health problem that occurs when a thick mucus causes obstruction of the airway as the aggregation of cells are colonized. As the biofilm infection progresses, this can lead to damage of the lung tissue causing respiratory problems. Since biofilms are associated with opportunistic infections such as P.Aeruginosa, they can be harder to treat due to their tolerance

Bacterial urinary tract infections represent the most common type of nosocomial infections. Often, the ability of bacteria to both establish and maintain these infections are directly related to biofilm formation on indwelling devices or within the urinary tract itself (30). Enterococci (especially E. faecalis) are one of the main causative agents of urinary tract infection and Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) besides gram-negative pathogens (31, 32). In these infections Biofilm provides a favorable milieu for microbial survival within the host as the organisms are shielded from the host immune response, as well as antibiotics and antimicrobial agents (33, 34). Several studies conducted to introduce main virulence genes of enterococci that are associated with biofilm formation in these bacteria (11, 13,-17), but virulence mechanism and related genes for biofilm formation are not well understood (35). In this study we investigated biofilm formation of clinical enterococci isolates isolated from Urinary tract infections. These strains were characterized for presence of adhesions and secretory virulence factors. Isolates had diverse presence of virulence from lack to highest amount of virulence genes. Several previous studies investigated relation of virulence genes and biofilm formation, especially presence of esp and gel. Enterococci esp has been implicated as a contributing factor in colonization and persistence of infection within the urinary tract

Prokaryotic Cells All living things are made of cells, and cells are the smallest units that can be alive. Life on Earth is classified into five kingdoms, and they each have their own characteristic kind of cell. However the biggest division is between the cells of the prokaryote kingdom (monera, the bacteria) and those of the other four kingdoms (animals, plants, fungi and protoctista), which are all eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells, and do not have a nucleus. Prokaryotic means 'pre-nucleus' and eukaryotic means 'true nucleus'.

A biofilm is a layer consisting of various combinations of many different organisms, autotrophic and heterotrophic. They are dense, organized communities of cells, encased in a self-produced slime. The bacteria grow together in water like atmospheres, attaching to a solid surface, forming a small ecosystem. Biofilms are known as a micro-environment, a micro-habitat, or a slime matrix. They help decompose dead organisms and recycle carbon and nutrients.

Microorganisms are one of the smallest living organisms on the planet, yet they play one of the largest roles in our daily lives. They are so numerous that humans could never completely eradicate them. Microorganisms are divided into three Domains: Eukarya, Archaea, and Eubacteria, and they are categorized based on characteristics specific to each domain. The domain that is largely focused on and studied in microbiology laboratories is Eubacteria. Eubacteria are prokaryotic cells that are so numerous and abundant that it is impossible to know how many different species exist. They are very diverse in biochemical makeup, metabolism, and cell structure, and because of this along with their limited morphological options, it is

Life on this planet began with microorganisms. Through millions of years microorganisms have found ways to successfully adapt and survive. These adaptations have created a wide biodiversity, allowing them to basically populate in all places. Why are these microbes so important? Because they shape the history of our world. Some microbes can be deathly to humans while some others are favorable, for example, bacteria that lives in the gut of both humans and animals and helps during the process of digestion (Alfred Brown & Heidi Smith, 2006). Understanding these interactions help scientists to find ways to protect humans from potential deathly pathogens. In order to observe microbes, microscope proficiency and microorganisms’ identification are crucial skills in a microbiology lab. During this laboratory session, samples of environmental and human organisms were inoculated into two different rich media and incubated to their according temperature. After this, appropriate use and calibration of the microscope was performed. Lastly, morphology and size of different species of bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoan were recorded.