Mid-Atlantic Ridge Vs Volcanic Trench

This lab uses earthquake data to construct profiles of two convergent boundaries: the Tonga Trench and the Peru-Chile Trench. Where two tectonic plates converge, if one or both of the plates is an oceanic lithosphere, a subduction zone will form. When crust is formed at a mid-ocean ridge, it is hot and buoyant meaning it has a low density. As it spreads away from the ridge and cools and contracts, or becomes denser, it is able to sink into the hotter underlying mantle. When two oceanic plates collide, the younger of the two plates, because it is less dense will ride over the edge of the older plate. The density of the

There are three different types of plate boundaries. The first type of plate boundaries is, the spreading boundary. A spreading boundary is when two plates move apart. The spreading boundary is also known as a divergent boundary. The second type of plate boundary is a colliding boundary. A colliding boundary is when two plates come together, or collide. It is also known as convergent boundary. The third is, a sliding boundary. A sliding boundary is when two plates slip past each other moving in opposite directions. It is also known as transform boundary. Those were the three different types of plate

The new volcanic material welling up into the void, which forms a ribbon of new materials and breaks down its center gradually, when the plates move apart from the axis of the mid-oceanic ridge system. Therefore, every separating plate accretes one half a ribbon of new lithosphere, and, thus, a new surface is added (Pitman, W.C, 2007). The process is continuous, and separation is always happening at the

The creation of the Ring of Fire is very interesting too, it is the result of plate tectonics. These are huge slabs of Earth’s crust that fit together like the pieces of a puzzle. These plates can collide, stay apart, or move up right next to each other. The convergent plate boundaries are formed by plates colliding into each other. The heavier plates slide under the lighter plates causing a deep trench in the ocean floor, as we talked about earlier. If you went down into the ocean you’d be able to see a bunch of trenches in the ocean floor running parallel to corresponding volcanic arcs like the Ring of Fire. This allows islands and continental mountain ranges to be created. A divergent boundary is formed by

Natural or human-made structures that cross a transform boundary are offset—split into pieces and carried in opposite directions. Rocks that line the boundary are pulverized as the plates grind along, creating a linear fault valley or undersea canyon. As the plates alternately jam and jump against each other, earthquakes rattle through a wide boundary zone. The lithosphere is the solid, outer part of the Earth. The lithosphere includes the brittle upper portion of the mantle and the crust, the outermost layers of Earth’s structure. The lithosphere is divided into 15 major tectonic plates: the North American, Caribbean, South American, Scotia, Antarctic, Eurasian, Arabian, African, Indian, Philippine, Australian, Pacific, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, and

This is a divergent boundary that has continental plates are made out of granite. The plates move apart and make a giant dip in the crust of the Earth. As the plates move apart they form a Rift Valley in the crust and keeps getting bigger, but this takes time.

The plate boundary is located at an ocean trench because both plates are moving towards each other.

The Earth is constantly moving and this causes both earthquakes and volcanic eruptions to take place. As the plates drift and collide into each other, pressure builds beneath the surface of the earth. If it occurs near a fault, then an earthquake results. If the pressure is near a volcano, then the volcano will erupt. Sometimes the surface near a volcano will experience many small earthquakes before an eruption. The amount of pressure that is built up from the plates moving causes damage to the Earth’s surface. This can be seen at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The seafloor is spreading apart in the Atlantic Ocean which is pushing the plates apart. The surface that is experiencing volcanoes from this is Iceland.

Adjacent plates pull apart, such as at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which separates the North and South America Pates from the Eurasia and Africa Plates. This pulling apart causes "seafloor spreading" as new material from the underlying less rigid layer, or "asthenosphere," fills the cracks and adds to these oceanic plates.

Convergent Boundary- At convergent boundaries, two plates move toward one another, colliding and pushing into each other. The plate that is made of oceanic crust can slide down beneath another plate, which forms a deep narrow trench. As one is pushed under the other, the plate begins to melt, which causes a line of volcanoes to form that are in a parallel line to the trench. If both tectonic plates are continental crust, the plates will collapse or break up as they collide, which forms a high mountain

These large sections between he cracks are called tectonic plates. Most of the major tectonic plates are in the Lithosphere- Earth's outermost layer. The major plates in the Lithosphere are the African plate, Antarctic plate, Eurasian plate, Indo-Australian plate, North American plate, Pacific plate and South American plate. The cracks in between these plates are boundaries. There are three main types of boundaries between the tectonic plates. The first is a divergent boundary, which occurs when two tectonic places move away from each other. Volcanic activity is common along this boundary A rift valley can also be created from this type of boundary The next is a convergent boundary, which happens when two tectonic plates come together. There are two kinds of surface feature that are associated with a convergent boundary, deep ocean trenches and volcanic and non-volcanic mountain ranges. The last is a transform boundary, when is when two plates slide against each other. The transform boundary is more commonly known as the fault boundary The most common surface activity associated with this boundary are

The first boundary is the divergent boundary. Divergent boundaries occur when two tectonic plates pull away from each other, or move apart. These tectonic plates move because, “the intense heat in Earth’s core causes molten rock in the mantle to move,” (“How Do Plates Move?” Page 1). The molten rock then breaks into the Earth’s surface causing one of the plate boundaries to occur. Divergent boundaries usually occur

Molten material comes out of the mid ocean ridge. The molten material hardens on each side of the ridge ,the new material pushes the older rocks aside. The older rocks move farther away from the ridge.the coninents which are connected to the ocean floor move along with them.

The study of subduction initiation can be categorised into five model classes, the first exploring the formation of a subduction zone at a passive margin. Cloetingh et al. [1982, 1984, 1989] examined the environments that lead to the formation of a subduction zone from a passive margin. Their results revealed that subduction was achieved due to sediment loading if the oceanic plate was younger than ∼20 Myr. There results also suggested that the aging of the plate was detrimental rather than beneficial to the initiation of subduction. Regenauer-Lieb et al. [2001] also studied the formation of a subduction zone due to sediment loading at a passive margin. They suggested that water weakening of olivine promoted failure of the lithosphere and onset of subduction along Atlantic type continental margins. Nikolaeva et al. [2010] investigated the factors that control passive margins. Their results showed that incipient subduction at passive margins occurred with thin continental crust, elevated lithosphere temperatures and when negative buoyancy of the lithosphere is achieve (>20 Myr). Baes et al. [2010] analysed subduction transform edge propagator (STEP) faults, originating from a tear in the oceanic slab, using a thermal-mechanical model. Their results show that STEP fault-perpendicular convergence results in a dipping shear zone in any tectonic setting, resulting in a subduction zone at an oceanic-continental boundary after persistent convergence. Their results show that the

These motions of material under the Earth's surface cause the plates to move very slowly across the surface of the Earth, at a rate of about two inches per year. (2) When two plates move apart, rising material from the mantle pushes the lithosphere aside. Two types of features can form when this happens. At mid ocean ridges, the bottom of the sea comes apart to make way for new ocean crust formed from molten rock, or magma, rising from the mantle. Continental rifts form when a continent begins to split apart (the East African Rift is an example). If a continental rift continues to split a continent apart it can eventually form an ocean basin. When two plates move towards each other, several features can form. Often, one of the plates is forced to go down into the hot asthenosphere at a subduction zone. Volcanoes may form when a subducted plate melts and the molten rock comes to the surface. If neither plate is subducted, the two crash into each other and can form huge mountains like the Himalayas. (3)