Midbrain And Epilepsychology

The hindbrain is located in the back of the head. The hindbrain can be broken down into three sections. The first section is called the medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata controls things that are typically

These psychological disorders originate from different area of the brain. The brain consists of three main parts: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The forebrain is made up of the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus (part of the limbic system). The midbrain comprises the tectum and tegmentum. The hindbrain consists of the cerebellum, pons and medulla. The midbrain, pons, and medulla in conjunction are typically called the brainstem.

* In split-brain surgery the bundle of fibers that connects cerebral hemispheres (the corpus callosum) is cut to reduce the severity of epileptic seizures.

The midbrain is located above the pons. The midbrain has an area called the substantia nigra which holds different nuclei. The midbrain is responsible for the body 's movement that is not covered by the cerebellum. The neurotransmitter dopamine, that produced by

Our brain is susceptible to many diseases that disrupt normal function, like the disease known as Grand Mal Seizures. Normally, electrical charges are produced by ions in the brain(sodium, potassium, or calcium) and they are released on a regular basis. When released, nerve cells are able to effectively communicate with each other. When a seizure occurs it's due to this process being disturbed. The Ions are damaged cause chemical imbalances which leads to misfired nerve signals. Grand Mal seizures are characterized by three stages. These stages include the Pre-Ictal stage, the Ictal stage(where the seizure occurs), and the Postictal stage. In the first stage, a patient is likely to see a hallucination or some sort of warning sign before the

a small amount of spinal fluid can be then removed and tested to determine if there is some type of infection or other underlying medical problems. Lumbar Puncture can also be used to measure the pressure of the spinal canal and measure the brain. Research has shown that the cell membrane that surrounds every neuron has an important role in Epilepsy, these membranes are responsible for the neurons to generate an electrical impulse and for some reason when the brain attempts to repair itself after head trauma, stroke, or another problem that may generate atypical nerve connections that will lead to Epilepsy. Studies in animals have also provided that because the brain constantly adapts to changes in a small change in neurological activity, if repeated this may increase the chances of a full blown epileptic attack. Anomalies in the brain connections that happen while the brain develops may also disrupt neurological activity which could lead to Epilepsy. Research has also shown that the repeated attacks of the temporal lobe can cause the hippocampus to shrink, the hippocampus is responsible for learning and memorization, but it may however take years for such a seizure attack to do significant

The documentary’s description of neuroplasticity of seizure patients represents the unknowing and negligent work ethic of modern day scientists and researchers alike. This is confirmed by the lack of treatment of these afflicted individuals who suffer a never ending siege daily with themselves, almost always certain that their pain will end but it is always to no avail.

It was believed a seizure in the brain caused by the electric current would stimulate the release of neurotransmitters, and would allow the brain to reorganize to function correctly (Nasar). Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that transmit signals that facilitate cell to cell communication throughout the nervous system, and play a key component in the biological paradigm for treatment of schizophrenia. At this early stage of understanding schizophrenia’s pathology, it was believed these chemicals were imbalanced and shocking the brain would force a rebalance of these vital chemicals. Once rebalanced, it was hypothesized the patient would no longer suffer from schizophrenia (Tharyan, 2005). The insight into treating neurotransmitter imbalances in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia began the treatment path to present day antipsychotic pharmaceutical drug therapy. While the actual effects of electroshock therapy on patients with schizophrenia are unclear, it is still used today to treat schizophrenic patients who are resistant to pharmaceutical drug therapy. Electroshock therapy was the utilization of insulin coma therapy and electroshock therapy to treat schizophrenia were successful partly due to the required hospital admittance and doctor administered methodology. In both treatments the patients were required to be admitted into a hospital and were not responsible for administering the treatment themselves. While both treatment methods were viewed as inhumane and

Brain function is essential for your whole body to function properly. It is important to know these functions and what they do in order to understand how TBI affects these parts of the brain. The front of the brain is known as the Forebrain. The forebrain is the largest part of the brain and it contains the thalamus, hypothalamus and limbic system. The thalamus acts as the sensory relay center of the brain and is responsible for directing signals to the correct areas. It receives all sensory inputs except for smell. The hypothalamus governs drives such as sex, aggression and hunger. The limbic system is a group of structures that are involved with emotions, drives and memory. The midbrain contains structures that are used for coordinated movement, sleep and arousal. It contains the reticular formation and if it becomes damaged you wouldn’t be alert or possibly not even conscious. The hindbrain contains the medulla, pons and cerebellum and is located at the back of the brain. The medulla is responsible for respiration and heartbeat, two necessary functions needed to survive. Pons are involved in movement, sleeping, waking up and dreaming. The cerebellum coordinates balance and muscle

Nowadays, Epilepsy is the 4th most common neurological disorder –only migraine, stroke and Alzheimer’s disease occurs more frequently-, and it commonly has no identifiable cause, according to the World Health Organization. These figures are just one factor that persuades me that my choice of a career in neurosciences was the right one, and motivates me to study further at PhD level in this field to help combat serious problems like epilepsy.

There have been many silent killers that have concerned mankind since the dawn of time. It is underestimated and underdiagnosed but it is the most frequently prevalent neurological disorders. Epilepsy and all its forms is as much of a concern today as it was thousands of years ago. Our oldest description that defines the symptoms of epileptic seizures was written two thousand years ago BC (Magiorkinis E1, 2010). Epileptic seizures are the result of excessive and abnormal nerve cell activity in the brain. This puts them at an increased risk of death due to the brains abnormal control of secondary organ systems. The risk increases as people age. Worldwide the overall percentage of epileptic diagnosis encompasses nearly three percent of the population

People uneducated about Epilepsy may have confused thoughts on what it really is. People have these "notions," which are partly or entirely not true. So, throughout this research paper, these notions will be proven untrue, mostly by factual information given by

Epilepsy, also called seizure disorder, chronic brain disorder that briefly interrupts the normal electrical activity of the brain to cause seizures, characterized by a variety of symptoms including uncontrolled movements of the body, disorientation or confusion, sudden fear, or loss of consciousness. Epilepsy may result from a head injury, stroke, brain tumor, lead poisoning, genetic conditions, or severe infections like meningitis or encephalitis. In over 70 percent of cases no cause for epilepsy were identified. About 1 percent of the world population, or over 2 million people, are diagnosed with epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a condition in which a person has two or more seizures affecting a variety of mental and physical functions. Epilepsy is one of the oldest conditions of the human race. Epilepsy Awareness is important because Epilepsy is a widely misunderstood disorder. The reason that Epilepsy has been misunderstood has been mainly due to research not being conducted until the middle of the nineteenth century. There are six main types of seizures and many treatments that can assist an epileptic patient. Many facts and myths exist about a person who has Epilepsy, which, is why it is an important disorder to understand. A person living with Epilepsy can typically have a normal life after seeking medical advice from doctors.

The brain is dividing into several sections, including the cerebellum, the frontal lobe, and the temporal lobe, among others. The temporal lobe exists in two parts, one on each side of the brain close to the ears. It is largely responsible for the memory system (2). On the medial surface of the temporal lobe there are three important structure that are essential for human functioning. These structures are named, in order from rostral to caudal, the olfactory cortex, the amygdala, and the hippocampus. Together these three structures are referred to as the "limbic system" (1). Their functions became understood after studying how the brain functions upon loss of each structure. For example, in 1953, a patient suffering from epilepsy underwent surgery which removed most of his medial temporal lobe (1). After the surgery, the patient was able to remember who he was and was able to carry out coherent, intelligent conversations. However, if the person with whom he was talking left the room, he would have no