Migraine Research Paper

Theophylline is one example of xanthine that is usually used to treat bronchial asthma through relaxing the airways. However, this drug may cause severe adverse effects because of its level in the blood. Thus, it is important to teach patient about the use of theophylline. Teach a patient that theophylline can help him to breath easier, decrease wheeze and short of breath if taken exactly as prescribed. The nurse should also tell the patient take the drug of an empty stomach with a full 8-ounc glass of water. If patient has a severe GI problem such as GI upset, nausea, vomiting, heartburn when taking the drug on an empty stomach, the patient may take the drug with food. The patient should swallow all the enteric-coated or time-release capsules. Educating the patient about other common effect of the drug includes restlessness, nervousness, and difficulty in sleeping because of the need of the body to adjust to the usage of this drug. The patient should not take any other stimulant in order to reduce the effect of theophylline on CNS. The nurse should tell the patient that a headache will go away as the patient get used to the drug. However, the patient should notify his physician if the headache is getting worse. The patient should also report any vomiting, severe abdominal pain, tachycardia, confusion, unusual tiredness, muscle twitching, rash, or hives to the physician. There are many drug and food interaction, thus the patient should consult with the doctor about his diet while using theophylline. Additionally, the patient should consult his smoking habit and the use of any over-the-counter medication with the physician. Lastly, the patient should always tell any health care provider in his care about the use of theophylline and to keep the medication in a safe place (Karch, 2013, p.

The minority of physicians prefer non-stimulants as a solution. 38% of 365 physicians who completed a survey concluded that they preferred to prescribe a nonstimulant (Collingwood 2). The primary issue with non-stimulants is the fact that they’re more liable to cause depression and suicidal thoughts, especially in teenagers, which is primarily why non-stimulants aren’t the popular choice. There are two types of non-stimulants: norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, such as Strattera, which affect the behavioral control in the brain, and alpha-adrenergic agonists, such as Intuniv, which were developed to lower high blood pressure (Boorady 5). These two types of medications are similar in side effects concerning loss of appetite, drowsiness, and irritability. According to a survey on Treato, Intuniv received a review of very satisfied patients while patients using Strattera were moderately satisfied. A vast majority of those who used Strattera had great concern about the formula causing a feeling of depression while those using Intuniv were primarily concerned with weight gain and drowsiness caused by the lowering of the blood pressure. Around the age of 15, my parents sent me back to my physician to test a non-stimulant, and, due to the positive results, we chose to try Intuniv. Luckily, with the proper dosage, it actually worked, and to this day I still take it; of course, there are still some unwanted

Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic and rasagiline is a selective MAO-B irreversible inhibitor, the concomitant use causes vasoconstriction, which leads to severe hypertension. This patient uses EpiPen for anaphylaxis reactions, not every day. She needs to go to the emergency room if she needs to use the EpiPen. She also takes Lisinopril, which indicates that she might have hypertension. It's important to counsel her on her new medication as well as the potential drug-drug interaction between rasagiline and EpiPen, watch out for severe and prolonged hypertension if needed to use both medications. Reinforce the importance of knowing the full medication list and let the medical assistant people aware of it. Rasagiline may cause drowsiness or sleepiness, so avoiding activities that requiring mental alertness or coordination. It may lead to hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, hypertension, ataxia, dizziness, dyskinesia, weight loss, constipation, depression, altered mental status or behavior. Avoiding sudden discontinuation of rasagiline would be important. Avoiding food and beverages that have high tyramine contents (more than 150mg) while taking

The use of Olanzapine is contraindicated in patients with diseases such as dementia or diabetes mellitus. Caution should also be taken when administering olanzapine to patients with cardiac defects, liver problems and patients with a history of seizures. If allergic to any of the ingredients within the drug or if the individual is pregnant it should also not be administered. The dosage of the drug may need to be altered if the individual smokes and the consumption of alcohol is not also not advised when taking the drug (Keefe, R. S., et al (2014), (Heres, S., et al

Migraine headaches are the third most prevalent illness in the world, and ranked as the sixth most disabling illness. Statistics show that only about fifty percent of people who suffer from chronic headaches know that they’re suffering from a migraine. 76% of people who suffer from migraines worry that they will suffer for the rest of their lives, and 37% of sufferers worried about their migraines between attacks. Studies found that approximately 12% of Americans suffer from migraines, and 40% of Americans could benefit from preventative therapies. Even though studies show that at least 40% of sufferers could benefit from preventative therapies, only one in five sufferers are currently using preventative therapies. Studies also show that over 25% of people who suffer from migraine attacks miss at least one working day over the past three months, and nine out of ten sufferers say that they cannot “function normally” during those days. At least 98 percent of migraine attack sufferers take medications for temporary headache relief, whether it be over the counter or prescription. Only 12% of sufferers take preventative medications as opposed to the 98% of sufferers taking medications for relief. Severe migraines are ranked in the highest of seven disability classes, along with psychosis, dementia, and quadriplegia, published by the World Health Organization. People who participated in a survey who admitted to a

On admission, he was taking 450mg/day of pregabalin to manage his neuropathic pain symptoms, and noted that it effectively reduced the sensations of numbness and burning within his neck, arms and legs, however he identified mild swelling in his extremities and weight gain as possible adverse effects from pregabalin treatment. With respect to the management of his headaches, nortriptyline therapy has decreased the frequency of his headaches from 5 to 2 episodes per week, but headache severity has remained unchanged, and typically rated at a 10/10. To treat the nociceptive and neuropathic pain, he is prescribed 90mg of duloxetine daily. He denies any history of depression or anxiety, however when asked about the drug’s effectiveness, he highlighted its positive effects on mood, noting that he is less emotional, less anxious and calmer since duloxetine therapy was initiated a year ago. These drug effects have allowed him to cope with the pain and stressful situations in his life more effectively. He notes that the immediate release morphine is not adequately controlling his breakthrough pain, and he also finds this medication to be constipating. He is uncertain whether Vimovo is providing him with any additional pain

Migraines contrary to old beliefs are not just bad headaches! Migraines are actually a neurological disease that affects 38 million people worldwide, according to the Migraine Research Foundation, 1 in 4 U.S households have at least one person who suffers from debilitating migraines living there. Although there is no cure for migraines, the vast majority of these victims use Excedrin Migraine or Advil Migraine to try to dull the sharp, throbbing pains they experience. These over the counter pain relievers may be very similar but they also have many differences.

On admission, Ms. Pilkey subjectively described her pain as being rather excruciating. There were times when she had to curl up into a ball due to pain during the week prior to admission. Her headaches felt like a “stabbing pick which penetrates her head” that is not localized to a particular region. The initiation of topiramate on July 31st 2015 has helped. The frequency, duration and degree of pain from chronic daily headaches had reduced considerably, allowing Heather to have a better quality of life. However, the degree of cognitive impairment, manifested in difficulty understanding commands and word finding have been more pronounced. In addition, she often forgot to take her morning dose of topiramate due to the cognitive deficits

It is estimated that over 30 million people in the United States suffer from migraine headaches. If you're prone to them, you're familiar with the debilitating symptoms.

The patient does have a history of migraine headaches. She was started on nortriptyline by an ear, nose, and throat specialist years ago. She is been on it at least two plus years. She is wondering whether this is something she really needs to stay on or not. She very infrequently now will have a migraine.

The search for a new anti-migraine drug was started by Glaxo in 1972. In the 1960s, studies showed that vasoconstriction from 5-HT, ergotamine and nor-adrenaline could reduce migraine attacks. Research also showed that platelet 5-HT level reduces during migraine attacks. Many side-effects were associated with the use of 5-HT as a drug and then scientists started research on the receptors of 5-HT in order to discover and develop a more specific agonist for 5-HT receptors. Research on the 5-HT receptors and their effect led to discovery of several types and subtypes of 5-HT. AH24167 showed a vasodilatory effect instead of vasoconstrictory due to the agonist effect on another type of 5-HT receptors later assigned the name 5-HT7. AH25086 was the second compound developed and showed a vasoconstrictory effect but was not released as a drug due to low per oral bioavailability.

This drug is used as an antidepressant. Anxiety, dizziness, blurred vision, dry mouth, diarrhea, and weight gain or loss are common effects of the medications and with aging. But serious effects such as fever; seizures, tremors, chest pain, hepatic necrosis, renal failure, abnormal bleeding, and infection should be cautioned. The dosage of this medication should not be prescribed more than 40 mg daily. Monitoring for mental changes when taking this medication is needed. It should be cautioned to watch for a change in behavior from depression into a mental illness. If this occurs medical attention is needed. Nurses should also assess elderly patients taking diuretics for signs of suggesting syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic

Headaches are worldwide prevalent, ubiquitous and disabling but still underdiagnosed, underrated and under-recognized. Even though regional differences are seen in headache prevalence all races, all ages and all income levels are affected (Steiner, T.J. 2013). Both primary and secondary headaches have a major impact on individuals and society. This assembles with high financial costs, either direct (healthcare costs) or indirect (decrease in work productivity) (Manzoni et al. 2010). Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common primary headache. Stovner and Colette (2010) studied the prevalence of migraine, TTH, cluster headache and medication overuse headache in Europe. Overall, the current prevalence of TTH among adults was 62,6%. Chronic TTH (CTTH) occurred in 3,3%. Antilla (2006) described the TTH prevalence among adolescents, ranging from 10% (Sweden) to 73% (Brazil), found in different population-based studies. Secondary headaches such as cervicogenic headache (CEH) showed a smaller prevalence (4,1%) as discussed by Sjaastad and Bakketeig (2008). Women showed a significant higher prevalence of TTH than men. This was less obvious for women with CEH. The forward head posture (FHP) plays an important role in both CEH and TTH. Fernandez-de-las-Penas et al. (2007) found that the FHP in CTTH was greater in stand but not in sitting position compared with control subjects. This differs from episodic TTH (ETTH) in which in both sitting and standing position a greater FHP was

Additionally, there is no specific cure for migraine headaches. In addition, the goal in treating migraines is to treat migraines symptoms. Also, migraines can be treated with amitriptyline or venlafaxine. Furthermore, a migraine can be treated with blood pressure medicines such as propanolol. Researchers have also proven that migraines can be treated with seizure medicines such as valproic acid. (http://www.sciencedaily.com/news). In addition, when I read that you can treat a migraine with seizure medications, I thought that research finding was interesting to be aware of. Also, researchers stated that you could treat a

Migraine headaches are the result of a disturbance in the neurochemistry of the central nervous system. They are relatively common, affecting three times as many women as men. Migraine sufferers typically report a definite pattern to their headaches, and they can report what stimuli bring them on. Most migraine sufferers experience their first attack before the age of 20. There is no single cause of migraines, but the tendency to get migraines does tend to run in families. When a migraine occurs, it means that something has altered several of the neurotransmitter-sensitive receptors located on the outside surface of the nerve cells (neurons) so that the nervous system is no longer able to constantly maintain the natural balance that the