Migraine Research Paper Outline

Research into migraines is not an easy task. First off, people who experience them in different ways. Some people have migraines daily others maybe once a month, which creates a wide range to work in. On top of this, they seem to be brought on by countless activities like dehydration, alcohol, physical exertion, allergies, and sleep deprivation among others. However, most interesting is that women between 15-55 make up 2/3 of those affected by migraines. Which is a very large amount of total sufferers.

Migraine: A severe recurring headache, usually affecting only one side of the head, that is characterized by sharp, throbbing pain and is often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, and visual disturbances (dictionary.com).

In modern stressful life, people seek quick fixes for everything, including the body. Pills and medicine often only offer temporary relief, but does not fix the cause of the problem. If one continuously suffer from headaches or migraine, it is best to seek professional help to find the root of the problem. Many minor ailments are often superficial symptoms of a serious underlying problem.

Ottman et al. interviewed 1948 adult patients with epilepsy and 1411 of their family members. A history of migraine was reported by 24.4 % of epilepsy patients, by 23.0 % of family members with epilepsy and by 11.9 % of family members without epilepsy (Ottman et al., 1994). The risk ratio for migraine was 2.4 (95 %, CI 2.02-2.89) in epilepsy patients compared to controls without epilepsy. The risk of migraine was increased in all subgroups of epilepsy patients, but surprisingly it was highest in the patients with epilepsy due to head trauma RR 4.1 (95 %, CI

All forms of CMT1 are autosomal dominant. This means that it is unrelated to sex and is typically passed from one generation to the next without skipping. These varieties of CMT have to be passed down from a parent afflicted by the ailment. An unaffected carrier cannot exist. Because of this, and depending on the genetic makeup of the parents, the chances of having a child with CMT are 50%, 75%, or 100%. The chances are high that the gene is passed on. CMT1A, a variant of CMT1, is caused by a duplication of a gene on chromosome 17 that carries the genetic instructions for producing a protein crucial in the formation of the myelin sheath.[2] This means that the gene is expressed more than it should be which causes problems that result the the myelin sheath failing to function properly.

Genetics has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of migraine. The studies in the field of migraine has advanced tremendously in the last two decades resulting in the development of the existing knowledge about genetic inheritance of this debilitating disease. However, there is a need to expand this knowledge in the areas of treatment. Approximately 70% of patients with migraine reported to have a first-degree relative who is also suffering from migraine. The relatives of migraine patients with aura has a four times increased risk of developing migraine (Medscape). The studies conducted among the twins and families of migraine patients have shown that migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO) have a heritability

Tense muscles in the back of the neck and even in the scalp can cause the “vice-like” compression many people use to describe stress-related headaches. Also, when under stress, many people clench their jaws and/or grind their teeth, both of which can trigger headaches all on their own. Lastly, anxiety is a common culprit of restless nights, and insomnia is a risk factor for headaches and migraines

There are several risk factors associated with AMD, one of them being a close link with genetics and family history; ‘siblings of an affected individual have a threefold to sixfold higher risk than those of the general population’ of contracting AMD. (13) Around 20 genes associated with the disease have been identified, these include CFH, C3, C2, ARMS2 and FB. (14) Furthermore, their polymorphisms can vary in frequency between different races providing a possible explanation for why the disease also varies in frequency with race. One of the most regularly connected polymorphisms is of the CFH allele as it has been associated with 60% of AMD sufferers at population level. (15) Other genetic variants accompanying AMD are polymorphisms of

There is another type of migraine than the pounding kind called an optical migraine, an ophthalmic migraine, a migraine aura, or an ocular migraine. This type of migraine causes disturbances in a person vision, sometimes with accompanying pain, sometimes without. But this distortion in vision, often appearing as dots or a line in the center of the sufferer’s vision has more to do with changes in the blood flow getting to parts of the brain than it does with the eyes themselves.

Chronic Migraine: Sharp stabbing pain begins at the back of the head, then moves over center top of the head in two parallel lines to the forehead. This pain is constant and only varies in intensity throughout the day. This condition also causes me to be sensitive to light, sound, smell and movement.

Have you ever had a headache? That pounding pain that would not go away, it was probably a headache, however there is another type of headache that happens to one side of the head and could also cause nausea, sensitivity to light, sound or odors. Also accompanying the migraine is a aura, which could be flashes of light, or temporally lose your vision, in any case it is a visual impairment. (1) Migraines differ from headaches because a migraine is a neurological disease. (2) Many Americans are affected by migraines, it is estimated that eleven to eighteen million people are affected, which most of them are women. Migraines are very disabling as well as having life-threatening outcomes. (2) Now you

Migraine is a painful headache that comes with recurrent throbbing affecting usually one side of the head. It occurs with symptoms like nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and sensitivity to light and sound. According to Allexa Hammond and Maura Holcomb, MD, migraine has five stages. In the first stage (also called Prodromal), the patient will experience depression, a stiff neck, and cognitive dysfunction. The second stage (the aura) affects the visual (scotomata) area, sensation (paresthesia of the hands, arms and face), and cognitive capability. In the third stage (the peak stage), the patient will undergo throbbing pain, nausea, anxiety, irritability, impairment in concentration, and photophobia (extreme sensitivity to light). The fourth stage is the resolution of the headache for several hours, possibly aroused by vomiting or deep sleep. The last stage is the recovery stage; the patient will feel fatigue, become depressed and sometimes have a euphoric mood. Not much about the cause of migraine is known, but genetics and environmental factors may play a role. It may be caused by changes in the brainstem, or imbalances in brain chemicals like serotonin, which helps regulate pain in our nervous system. Jimenez Diaz and associates have indicated that, during the migraine attack, there is a release of a substance more stable than acetylcholine, which they term S.A.C. acetylcholinelike substance. They also conclude that the normal choline acetylate system is different in

A migraine is a common type headache. In addition, migraines can cause moderate to severe pain and is often described as throbbing or pulsating pain on one side of the head. In addition, migraines can cause blurred vision when exposed to light and sound, nausea, and vomiting pounding.

It is inherited as autosomal dominant disorder2. De novo mutation occurs in about 25% of all Marfan syndrome cases3.

Migraine headaches are the result of a disturbance in the neurochemistry of the central nervous system. They are relatively common, affecting three times as many women as men. Migraine sufferers typically report a definite pattern to their headaches, and they can report what stimuli bring them on. Most migraine sufferers experience their first attack before the age of 20. There is no single cause of migraines, but the tendency to get migraines does tend to run in families. When a migraine occurs, it means that something has altered several of the neurotransmitter-sensitive receptors located on the outside surface of the nerve cells (neurons) so that the nervous system is no longer able to constantly maintain the natural balance that the