Military Communication System
Narsi Choudhary ,15116035
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
Roorkee, INDIA narsijat1220@gmail.com Abstract—This document presents information about the different types of communication systems used in a military for locating enemy’s weapons, tracking their fire and destroy it in Air, keeping eyes on enemy’s movements, messaging to each other etc. In earlier decades’ communication were delivered by soldiers on foot. Later on revolution comes in military communications system and the technology developed. RADARs are developed and used in different areas of military purposes. In India many radars and satellites are developed by DRDO and some
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RADAR relies on its own transmission rather than light from other sources like sun, moon or EM wave emitted by object themselves. This process of directing radio waves toward an object is known as illumination.
Fig. 1. RADAR transmits and receives signal on a single antenna
III. CLASSIFICATION OF MILITARY COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
A. Weapon Locating Radar(WLR)
Weapon Locating Radars are generally used for detecting and locating enemies Artillery units by tracking the trajectory of incoming shells and rounds. These Radars can also provide fire correction to the friendly artillery units. Weapon locating radar is also able to track unguided missiles and mortar shells fired by enemy. The concept behind this radar is to estimate the distance of shell by calculating time difference and angular resolution between two consecutive waves received. Some Indian weapon locating radar are-
• ‘Swathi’ Weapon Locating Radar- this radar is a mobile artillery locating phased array radar. This is designed to detect and track incoming rocket and artillery fire to determine point of counter firing weapon. And in secondary role it can also track the fall of shot fired from friendly guns. This is an array radar so the antenna does not move while in operation. This radar has capability to scan a +/- 45º range of azimuths for
The impact made by ADA forces spanned over many countries, the main ones being Germany, Israel, Turkey and Iraq. Using their newest developed missiles, Patriot Antitactical ballistic missile Capability, phase 1 (PAC-1) and Patriot Advanced Capability-2 (PAC-2), the Iraqi army had nothing as a comparable counterpart (Burr, 2001). These missiles were 17 feet, 5 inches in length, had a warhead with 221 pounds of high explosive, and could fly at Mach 3 up to 78,000 feet in altitude with a range of 43 miles (Leyden, 1997). The radar, control station, and launchers were all connected via computer, activating when a launch was detected and the “highest probability of a kill [was] obtained” (Burr, 2001). The newer PAC-2 missiles were capable of self-guidance with track-via-missile software and were more effective than their PAC-1
Another 'ace' that the British had up their sleeve was HF/DF (High Frequency Direction Finder or 'Huff-Duff). This detected U-boat radio transmissions thereby estimating their position and
The Avenger is capable of eliminating the same threats as the Stinger missile system. The Counter, Rocket, Artillery, Mortar system, also referred to as the CRAM, is a combination of a gun called Phalanx and a Sentinel Radar. A Sentinel Radar for spotting incoming rockets and mortars. The Phalanx and Sentinel work together to eliminate rocket and mortar threats.
The missile system reduced Scud annoyance and effectiveness. Patriot’s mission to counteract air born threats was an overall success. This war was a major demonstration of U.S. air defense capability. Although every fire did not successfully destroy its target, it exemplified extraordinary accuracy. The Patriot world is continuously evolving. Modifications to the software has been made, and today’s system has multiple intercept mechanisms. PAC 2 in no longer the only source of air defense capability. The PAC 3, a more sophisticated missile defense system, has a more accurate interception rate. A growing technology, and it will continue to expand in the future, air defense is here to
It influenced future generations of soldiers and equipment to advance both tactically and technically, greatly increasing the multi-role diversity and capabilities of the Air Defense Artillery systems of today’s United States Army. Compared to the Patriot Launcher Missile system, it showed that Air Defense units could be multifaceted. Like the M42 Duster (SPAAG), the Patriot system demonstrated excellent destruction ratio for aircraft but the system also worked well in defense of TBM’s (Tactical Ballistic
Activities associated to the Spectrum Efficient National Surveillance RADAR – Joint Program Office (SENSR JPO)
Infrared imaging is also used for military uses. This includes target acquisition, surveillance, night vision, homing and tracking (Infrared). This technology allows missiles and rockets to follow a target by tracking its heat. Night vision goggles and surveillance is used just as with the thermal imaging to detect things that give off heat and show them in a way that allows the human eye to see things that it normally could not.
The use of artillery has provided military commanders the ability to disrupt, destroy, and defeat their enemy’s throughout history. It is important to realize maneuver commanders need reliable, fast, and accurate fire support. The use of integrated fire of artillery provides maneuver commanders flexibility and firepower and is the key to battle success in both the offense and defense. This paper will discuss how modern equipment and innovative techniques to employ that equipment shaped and controlled the entire battle space.
DARPA has developed a bullet that changes it path midair. The range of the bullet is 1500-2000 meters. An untrained sniper shot the same spot as the trained sniper did. The effective bullet will allow troop safety and better standoff range for snipers. The rifle round is a .50 caliber bullet, It has an optical sensor to detect the laser given off from the snipers gun. It keeps accuracy almost 100%
Current capability set fielding along with future fielding 's including Bradley engineering change proposal (ECP), Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV) Engineering, Manufacturing, and Development (EMD), and full rate production (FRP) radio variants are the Army 's answer to brigade combat team modernization. The tactical environment is the tip of the spear, a challenging space where effectiveness, survivability, and sustainability provide the keys to success. That success is becoming increasingly reliant on data. Data drives our missions, from operations, intelligence, and fires, to other areas such as medical and logistics. Consumption of data is being fueled by the introduction of new communication systems. Warfighter information tactical (WIN-T) has begun to bring this data down to the Brigade and Battalion level with the Point of Presence (POP), and the Battalion and Company level with the Soldier Network Extension (SNE). New radio waveforms are providing conduits for data down to the tactical edge. WIN-T and Handheld, Manpack, and Small Form Fit (HMS) radios are being integrated into Infantry Brigade Combat Team (IBCT) vehicle platforms now. The Mid-Tier Networking Vehicular Radio (MNVR) is just around the corner in FY17.
Caliber sniper rifle to engage much larger targets as in vehicles, tanks, and can even be used to punch through walls in buildings. There are different grains of this bullet. The higher the grain, the more knockdown power
The mobile radar is driven into position in presence of storm that is being formed. As the storm is forming the radar is scanning the air. Dual polarization (dual-pol) radar was created by NOAA scientists that takes pictures that are two dimensional. This radar can do the because the radar sends out both horizontal and vertical electromagnetic waves. The dual-pol took around 20 years of development to complete.The dual-pol is used by the National-weather service to predict whether. Phased array radar scan the the sky for dangerous weather and see tornadoes within supercells and QLCS. The phased array radar also is used in the military to track aircrafts. QLCS stands for Quasi-linear Convection system. You could learn more about the QLCS in the next paragraph. The multifunction array radar is mostly used in the military to track aircrafts. All these radars are used to predict whether, but specifically tornadoes. Some sense the debris and some take two dimensional pictures. But all radars have one thing in common, all of them send out
The Patriot Advanced Capability 2 version acquired the capability to operate against other missiles, beyond just aircrafts, by the US armed forces through an improved fuse and warhead in comparison to the PAC-1 (Maital & Seshadri, 2012). Furthermore, the US Army made changes to not only the software of the PAC-2 missile but the radar system which guided it. These improvements gave the missiles the ability to intercept other missiles which was different than previous models. Interception in this case was not considered just the capability to knock a missile off course but to destroy them which was the objective of this product. Beyond physical attributes, it acquired them through the recognition that tactile ballistic missiles were all over Europe and increased threats, prompting improvements to occur (Maital & Seshadri, 2012).
Today the Navy relies on Aircraft carriers which carry planes, Amphibious Assault ships which carry people and vehicles or helicopters, Cruisers with guided missiles, Destroyers which are used to escort other vessels, Frigates which is a single mission ship mostly protecting convoys, and submarines to carry out underwater operations and specific missions. Although the sixteen inch guns of the Iowa class ships were not greatly accurate by themselves with a range of 20 miles, they did provide troop support by being able to blast shells over the horizon. Even with a talented gunner the unguided shells from the main guns only had a thirty-two percent of accuracy at nine miles hitting a target the size of a battleship according to a Naval War College study conducted in World War II. In Operation Desert Storm improvements were made to the fire support systems by adding radar systems to assist with accuracy. The radar systems increased accuracy to hits within 150 yards at nineteen miles.(“Iowa-class Battleship”) Further improvements could include a more modern fire support system and shells that incorporate guidance systems. Not only would it help with accuracy, it could also improve the overall range of the
Project Abstract: The following is a discussion of the application of Army Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) capabilities which are employed in order to enhance the targeting and effects of the Ar-my’s Cyber Electromagnetic Activities (CEMA) Sections. The aim is to address how the assimila-tion of assets, programs, and capabilities currently available to the Army SIGINT Community by the Army CEMA Sections could significantly enhance their ability to conduct and execute the war-time mission, thereby enhancing the commanders’ understanding of the enemy’s tactical use of the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS). This, in effect, would also reduce the time invested in acquiring EMS specific information and increase the precision and execution of Electronic Attack (EA), Elec-tronic Protect (EP), and Electronic Warfare Support (ES) by strengthening and