Military Cyber: An Evolution In Command Relationships Essay example

The most recents detections of how cyber warfare is inevitably coming was the accusations of Russia hacking the the Democratic National Committee and former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton’s email’s releasing damaging evidence against them which ultimately lead to Donald Trump being named the President of The United States (Diamond, 2016). The effects of cyber warfare have leaked over in to televise series, forming shows such as CSI cyber, and the gaming world, Call Of Duty Infinite Warfare. Neglect regarding cyber security can: undermine the reputation of both the government and elected officials; force unacceptable expenditures associated with the cost of cleaning up after security breaches; cripple governments' abilities to respond to a wide variety of homeland security emergency situations or recover from natural or man-made threats; and disable elected officials' ability to govern (Lohrmann, 2010). Classified information such as overseas operators and attacks, missile locations, response plans and weaknesses, and much more cripples America’s ability to defend itself from enemies both foreign and domestic. To combat cyber terrorism is the Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act, or CISA. In an article titled “Why Cybersecurity Information Sharing Is A Positive Step for Online Security” it is discussed that under CISA, the Department of Homeland security will have more responsibility for domestic cybersecurity. CISA’s fundamental purpose is to better enable cybersecurity information to be shared between the private and public sectors (2016). The sharing of threat information between public and private sectors can give the the United States a head start by allowing them to share information rapidly and more often to combat enemy threats while still providing safety for privacy and civil

From 2004 to 2008 a mission begins to aggressively develop within the intelligence community that will change the face of the Department of Defense (DoD). Cyberspace Operations, particularly support to, breaks from small organizations and gains light in every day missions as well as the media. Complexity and connections of Cyberspace Operations makes this mission inherently a joint responsibility from training to execution. In the beginning the Army evaluated soldiers from all Military Occupational Specialties (MOS) and selected those that showed the capability to grasp complex problems and adapt to new technologies in order to staff this mission. These highly skilled soldiers received special training

Geographic Combatant Commander (GCC) are the vital link between those who determine national security policy and strategy and the military forces or subordinate JFCs that conduct military operations within their AORs [JP-1]. GCCs takes on a lot of responsibility they are normally responsible for a large geographical area; not mention the effective coordination of operations within that area falls on the shoulder of the GCC. Directives flow from the President and SecDef through CJCS to the GCCs, who plan and conduct the operations that achieve national or multinational strategic objectives. GCCs provide guidance and direction through strategic estimates, command strategies, and plans and orders for the employment of military force. One plan

With cyber war, nations are able to skip the battlefield. Gone are the days where troops line up across from each other hoping to do damage to the other. Clarke explains that people, industries, governments, companies and organizations can be possible targets and are vulnerable to these attacks. Keeping that in mind should help these targets become defensive minded and shield off attacks before they happen. As we all know, the prevention is better than the

There are two directions for information and directives to drive strategic cyberspace decisions at NSWC PCD. The first is always direction sent through the Navy command chain by either direction from an Admiral and policy changes or through directives from N2/N6 at NAVNETWARCOM through the CIO/IA command chain. Either path often leaves little room for choosing an interpretation locally. However, either the upper management, Commanding Officer, Technical Director, and technical department heads will meet and issue a local direction or in some cases directives flow from N2/N6 to NAVSEA to The Warfare Center Headquarters to the Warfare Center CIO and/or IAM. In the case of the latter path, more input, discussion, and interpretation is available at the local level. In those cases the CIO will call a meeting of the IAM, IT Manager, IT Operations Manager, and other key advisors to discuss the requirements and provide options on the how to meet those goals within the strategic operation plan of the command. The CIO will then draft a local recommendation to be presented at the CO/TD forum for upper

My current duty station, U.S. Marine Corps Forces Europe & Africa, continues to afford me the ability to lead albeit with a minimal staff; a component command overseas as opposed to a communications company in the continental United States (CONUS) has fewer cyber technical specialists. This may seem like a deterrent to an in-depth training capability, it has in fact fueled my desire to ensure my young Marines are the next cyber technical experts this side of Apple or

The book “Conquest in Cyberspace” went in depth on the United States’, Russia’s, and China’s views on information warfare and cyber warfare. It also discussed the areas where their policies, guidance, and operations differ and are the same. One of the most interesting things which I noticed in the completion of this assignment is how the United States has the most well defined and in depth policies and governances regulating their information warfare and cyber warfare operations and how both China and Russia has taking the policies and governances created by the United States and mimicked them in the creation of their own policies and governances for information

While a commander’s staff conducts planning at any level, whether it is strategic, operational, or tactical, the importance of identifying both theirs and the adversary’s center of gravity (COG) is a critical part of the planning process. Three factors should be carefully analyzed in order to gain a full understanding of the COG; they are critical capabilities, critical requirements and critical vulnerabilities (U.S. Office of the CJCS 11 August 2011, III-24). Although a COG can be attacked directly, the indirect approach which seeks to destroy or neutralize the COG by attacking an adversary’s critical vulnerabilities can be a more efficient use of available resources. The United States Marine Corps’ Warfighting publication MCDP 1 draws a direct correlation between a COG and its critical vulnerability by stating, “we should focus our efforts against a critical vulnerability, a vulnerability that, if exploited, will do the most significant damage to the enemy 's ability to resist us” (United States Marine Corps 1997, 47). The Marine Corps favors the indirect approach to defeating an adversary’s COG because the functions assigned to them by the Department of Defense (DoD) require expeditionary operations and expeditionary forces typically are limited in size, assets, and resources driving them to target an adversary’s critical vulnerabilities.

Operation Eagle Claw required too much detailed integration between multiple military services without a central leadership. As a result two organizations formed. The first was Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) the other is U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM). JSOC in simple terms is USSOCOM’s little brother. USSOCOM is established to provide joint leadership. JSOC is there to train all special operation forces to work together but falls under USSOCOM. This is important because it allows everybody to work on the same page. JSOC also allows other services such as the Air Force to train with the

The US Army has fought two major wars since 2001. The outcomes from these two war has informed the need to understand the operational environment through partnership with US allies in the regions of US interest in order to dominate these areas. The full benefits of Regionally Aligned Forces (RAFs)/Brigades can therefore not be overemphasized.

Operationally, Regionally Aligned Forces means that nonmilitary and military powers will be endowed with the ability to grasp the human dimension of the operational environment as well as win the battle decisively. Regionally Aligned Forces expands collaborative endeavors within the Army and interagency partners, specifically the Department of State and Country Teams. It permits improved synthesis, interdependence, and interoperability between traditional Army forces and special operations. This agreement will allow responses to affect human behavior toward achieving the desired consequence.

Cyber security is a major concern for every department, business, and citizen of the United States because technology impacts every aspect of our daily lives. The more we use technology the more complacent, we get with the information that is stored within our cyber networks. The more complacent, we get, the more vulnerable we become to cyber-attacks because we fail to update the mechanisms that safeguard our information. Breaches to security networks are detrimental to personal, economic, and national security information. Many countries, like Russia, China, Israel, France, and the United Kingdom, now have the abilities and technology to launch cyber-attacks on the United States. In the last five years there have been several attacks on cyber systems to gain access to information maintained by major businesses and the United States Government. Cyber-attacks cause serious harm to the United States’ economy, community, and the safety, so we need to build stronger cyber security mechanisms. Based on my theoretical analysis, I recommend the following:

Defining cyber-warfare is also important but suffers from the same lack of continuity between United States military branches and government agencies. Schaap lists varying terminology used ranging from the Department of Defense’s definition which states, “the employment of cyber capabilities where the primary purpose is to achieve military objectives or effects through cyber-space” to the Air Force’s definition, “the integrated planning and employment

The branches of the military, for a couple generations, have always been the Army, Navy, Air force, Marine Corps, and the Coast Guard; however, in an ever evolving digital world, the notion that outer space would be the next military front is being rapidly replaced by the idea that cyber space will be the next arms race. The United States has been defending attacks on their infrastructure day after day, night after night, when one hacker on one side of the world sleeps, another takes their place to attempt to compromise the US government. The motives may range from a political ‘hacktivist’ trying to prove a point, to an economic spy, trying to gain a competitive edge on its more upstart rivals, to an attempt to control the United States

The damage of a full-fledged cyber attack would be devastating, the destruction would be unparalleled to any other tragedy that has occurred America. Since technology is responsible for providing America with vital entities and resources, an unadulterated cyber attack would nearly fail the American economy; this is what is known as critical systems failure. Weapons of mass destruction and cyber attacks present imminent threats of critical systems failure. Although currently Americas’ critical infrastructures are coordinated by controlled systems, majority of these systems are indeed connected to the American cyberspace. This exposes one of America’s most vulnerable spot amidst cyber security. Another major vulnerable spot within the nations IT security would be the geographical physical location for each of Americas primary infrastructures, as well as their productivity. Due to the proximal locations, the major infrastructures could very well be infiltrated by one efficient CNA.