Military Emergency Intervention Paper

In the case of the Oklahoma City bombing, there is an exception to the use of military resources through solely the authority provided from the Stafford Act, and that is the Immediate Response Authority based under the MSCA. This exception allows a local military commander to provide assistance through resources and personnel to civil authorities before authorization was handed down. According to the U.S. Army, “At the scene, some 100 Guardmembers immediately helped the search for survivors. They set up an emergency operations center and reported to the state 's civil emergency management agency” (Smith, 2010). Hastily following these actions, assistance came from two local military bases, Fort Sill and Tinker Air Force Base, where the commanding officers authorized a variety of equipment and personnel to assist before the federal government authorized assistance. Fort Sill, an Army installation approximately an hour and a half away from Oklahoma City, “Fort Sill released two medical evacuation helicopters, explosive

In chapter 3, titled “Congress and the Agencies”, we learn of a few of the many laws, processes and agencies that have been created to better prepare the United States for a national emergency. Since the origins of the United States, the President has always been the lead on emergencies that required attention by the federal government, but the legislative and judicial branches of the government have become more and more involved in making sure that it is done constitutionally. One of the main reasons for this is because of the statutes that have been created because of the response to emergencies. These statutes have been separated into three separate categories.

Hurricane Katrina caused a great deal of destruction, death, and human suffering. Research from this event brings to light the limitations of both the National Guard and active-duty forces response capabilities, and whether changes in the roles and responsibilities of the National Guard and active-duty forces during emergencies would enable them to respond better. It is likely that the primary responsibility for national disasters will continue to be handled by local and state officials. They have the best understanding of situations, have the capability to handle the case, and can respond quickly. Hurricane Katrina generated the need to examine the federal response and to make any changes that are needed for the preparation of National Guard and active-duty Army during major domestic emergencies. Both the National Guard and active duty Army are changing to smaller modular and interoperable combat and support brigades that can provide the foundation for an expedited force that can deploy units to threats quickly. The Army

Many Americans watching the Government response to Hurricanes Rita and Katrina as it play out in the media could not believe the finger pointing that was going on between our elected leaders as many victims struggled to get their life in order. With the National Response Framework initial responsibility remains with the local elected officials and each level of the government above that will monitor and remain ready with assistance if requested. This will allow needed resources to get where they are needed without the internal bickering of the past. The Emergency Support Function Annexes within the National Response Framework ensures multi-agency interoperability and encompasses the other components of the NRF.

The Federal Response Plan implements the Stafford Act (Public Law 93-288, as amended) which verifies what qualifies to be considered a true disaster (The Disaster Hanbook- National Edition, 1998). The Stafford Act also coordinates twelve federal agencies to fulfill twelve emergency support functions: Transportation- Department of Transportation, Communication-

The efficient integration of Title 10 and National Guard forces during domestic operations increases the threshold of a state’s capacity to respond to disasters or security requirements. Pre-event preparation is required to achieve efficient integration. This preparation requires three critical elements, building relationships, integrated planning and exercises. To successfully incorporate federal forces during a response, states must develop positive relationships with key Title 10 partners during steady-state operations. Building upon these relationships, state and federal partners conduct deliberate planning for the integration of Title 10 forces in a state response. Finally, exercises validate plans and grow relationships. This paper describes

Mutual aid agreements are essential for allocating resources, equipment, and personnel between jurisdictions through intrastate, interstate, private organizations, and nongovernmental organizations agencies in the event of an emergency situation that exceeds the capabilities of the local agencies. Intrastate agencies mobilized by a mutual aid agreement consist of resources within the state that can provide support to the requesting department. During catastrophic events, interstate sources activated through a mutual aid agreement are comprised of resources from other states that are able to support the operations required when state resources are incapable of providing adequate aid. Private-sector organizations, nonprofit organizations, and nongovernmental organizations provide additional support in times of crisis when the organization has necessary resources to sustain operations. Emergency situations that may arise and benefit from the resources established in an existing mutual aid agreement include mass casualty incidents, fire and law enforcement situations, natural disasters such as hurricanes and tornadoes, and terrorist attacks.

Under the 1988 Stafford Act, the federal government guidance is to support the disasters only if they are of “such severity and magnitude beyond their state and the affected local government’s capabilities to support the disaster” (Edwards, 2014). The Governor may request to the president to declare an “emergency” or a “major disaster” if federal assistance is needed (Edwards, 2014). An “emergency” declaration usually considered when a hurricanes hit, whereas “major disaster” declarations is after disasters to render aid to state and local governments and individuals (Edwards, 2014). In the past, 86 percent of major disaster declarations requested by governors to the president have been approved (Edwards, 2014).

attack on a military installation will require additional help in the form of transport vehicles and aircrafts, spaces to house the injured, traffic control both inside and outside the installation, medical teams, media etc. from local, state and federal agencies.

The involvement of DoD into the implementation of the emergency plan is particularly important in case of terrorist activities. For example, if terrorist hijack an aircraft, the assistance of DoD will be essential (). The involvement of DoD will help to eliminate the terrorist threat faster and more effectively due to the use of the military. DoD has the military force, equipment and technologies essential for addressing such threats as terrorist attacks. Moreover, in such cases the deployment of the military under DoD command may be essential to protect the public and maintain the public safety.

What is the National Response Framework? The National Response Framework is a guide to how the Nation conducts all-hazards response – from the smallest incident to the largest catastrophe. This key document establishes a comprehensive, national, all-hazards approach to domestic incident response. The Framework identifies the key response principles, roles and structures that organize national response. It describes how communities, States, the Federal Government and private-sector and nongovernmental partners apply these principles for a coordinated, effective national response. And, it describes special circumstances where the Federal Government exercises a larger role, including incidents where Federal interests are involved and catastrophic

I agree when responding to a disaster heading towards any community the first responder are the first people on the ground to be activated. The quicker the response the less damage and lost of life can be minimized. As you stated it is important to activate assistance from the local level, state level and government level, which will ensure adequate resource are available to respond to any situation that may arise.

The active military would be called in to supplement the National Guard, state and local authorities. An example of this occurred in the aftermath of Hurricane Katarina when combat divisions were sent to New Orleans to provide

Federal assistance is available to supplement the resources of state, local, and voluntary agencies. Preparedness, response, and recovery, resources are available to the state and local level immediate (Preparedness Resources, 2015 ). The local government maintains control of all assets used in the response and recovery efforts, regardless of the source. State governments serve as agents for the local to help communicate the needs on a federal level. Local governments cannot directly access Federal programs (Overview of Federal Disaster, 2013). No declaration has to be made at the state level to use their resources. Simply a recognized need following a disaster. Federal assistance most often has to be approved and the event must be properly

The armed forces are expected to demonstrate that they are capable to monitor terrorist activites within the country and also airspace and maritime areas of responsibilities. Togerther with military forces , other government deapartments should demonstrate capability to achieve other goals like fisheries protection, drug interdiction, and environmental protection. When it comes to humanitarian and disaster response relief , they should be prepared to do so within 24 hours and maintain this capability for long term. “Maintain a national search and rescue capability; capability to assist in mounting, at all times, an immediate and effective response to terrorist incidents; and,Respond to requests for Aid of the Civil Power and sustain this response for as long as necessary”. (Nadav, 2993 pp. 225) . Since the canandia geographic area is big and remote, the military is assigned to maintain law in those areas of the