Topic: Boys in the Military
General Purpose: To inform
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of what is happening on Somalia
Purpose Statement:
1. Introduction
a. Attention Getter: War happens everywhere around the world but having children as young as 8 years old getting pulled from their school and homes to fight or spy in a war is unacceptable.
b. Reason to Listen: Boys at a young age should never be in a war or be carrying a gun or any kind of weapon. People should be informed on what is happening around the world.
c. Purpose Statement:
d. Review of Main Points:
i. First, I will discuss the military group that is grabbing the kids to help them fight. ii. Second, I will discuss the age of kids and what happens to them and their families.
iii.
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The Group
a. Who are Al-Shabab
i. The military group that is grabbing kids to help them is called Al-Shabab. This group of people is banned as a terrorist group from the United States and the United Kingdom. According to BBC News on December of 2017, Al-Shabab is to be believed to have between 7,000-9,000 fighters. ii. The current leader of Al-Shabab is Ahmad Umar. The US will give an award for him capture.
b. How dangerous is Al-Shabab?
i. In January of 2016 there was a massive attack on a Kenyan Military base, according to Somalia’s then-President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud about 180 soldiers’ dead ii. In 2015 this group killed 148 people at a University in Kenya, targeting mostly Christian students.
c. How much of Somalia does Al-Shabab control?
i. In august of 2011 the Al-Shabab group was forced out of the capital, Mogadishu. ii. They also left Kismayo, when doing this they hurt their finances because they used to earn money by taking a cut of the city’s charcoal trade. iii. According to the map, which was updated in 2018 the Al-Shabab control most of Somalia.
d. Attacks on the group
i. In 2008 the US had a wave of air strikes which led to the killing of then leader- Aden Hashi Ayro and his successor Ahmed Abdi
Throughout the history of wars, mankind has used a variety of different techniques to gain the upper hand in battle. But sadly, some countries have become so desperate that they would even use children as soldiers. Even today, children are being used as soldiers so that countries can gain the upper hand in wars. As a result of the children experiencing this, some of them have started to write books about their experience. In the book A Long Way Gone written by Ishmeal Beah.
The group popped up again approximately a month later in Aqaba, Jordan proving the Egyptian authorities wrong. Aqaba is just across the Red Sea from Taba (Google Maps, 2014). AAB fired three rockets at two U.S. warships in the port of Aqaba in August 2005 (Winter, 2011, p. 886). The physical evidence traced the rockets, and planning back to Abu Musab al-Zarqawi based in Iraq (Klein, 2005). Al-Zaraqwi an al-Qaeda leader claimed responsibility for the attack on the AAB website (Klein, 2005). Although he was not the organization’s founder, al-Zarqawi was deeply involved in AABs long-term development and planning preceding his death by a U.S. airstrike in 2006 (Klein, 2005). After being distinguished as an al-Qaeda affiliate, the AAB ceased claiming any attacks until 2009 (Winter, 2011, p. 887).
Al-Qaeda is an Arabic term that means “the base” and arguably one of the most dangerous Islamic terrorist organisation in the world.. It was formed by Saudi millionaire Osama Bin Laden in the late 1980’s to resist the Soviet Union, which occurred from 1979 to 1989.The Al-Qaeda group is a large and very complex network which involves many countries and radical Sunni Muslim Organization. Afghanistan became ungoverned for 7 years soon after the Soviet Union withdrew during which the country experienced constant fighting among different groups just within their jurisdiction. This resulted into poverty and many children being orphaned. Most of the Orphans were educated in Islamic schools resulting to the growth of radical students and followers of what became to be known as Al-Qaeda.
War, in and of itself, is an atrocity, but it becomes even more abhorrent when children are pulled into the conflict. Unfortunately, some military groups find children useful in the war effort. The wars these children are forced to be part of often leave wounds--both psychological and physical, but these kids can be healed, at least to an extent, and rehabilitated. Children are often used in war because it is easy and efficient to use them as compared to their adult counterparts. For one, children are easy to control, coerce, and indoctrinate.
For years children are being forced by commanders into being a soldier, this is due to conflicts between states and civil wars. Some children are even under 10 years old when they are being forced to serve, despite this, in the last 10 years, at least 10 million children are being killed or left seriously injured. Some children are willingly volunteer themselves, as they believe it would be giving some form of income and security. At least 10 or 30% of soldiers are reported to be girls, they are often used for fighting, many of them are abducted or recruited by the force.
What are child soldiers? Child soldiers are people under eighteen who partake in either a regular or irregular armed group in any way. According to Warchild there are an estimated 250,000 child soldiers in the world and often as a part of their recruitment they are forced to either kill or maim a loved one so that they cannot go back home. In Ishmael Beah’s novel A Long Way Gone (Memoirs of a Boy Soldier) the author recounts his life as a child soldier fighting on the government side in Sierra Leone from age thirteen to sixteen. This paper will be attempting to answer the questions of why certain armed groups use children, why it is wrong to do so, and how people are taking a stand to stop it.
Al-Qaeda, or “the Base” in Arabic, is an arrangement of extremists initially organized by Osama Bin Laden. Al-Qaeda originated throughout the uprising against the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Thousands of volunteers from around the Middle East came to Afghanistan as mujahideen, warriors fighting to defend fellow Muslims. Bin Laden returned to his native Saudi Arabia after the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan and founded an organization to help veterans of the Afghan war, thus creating the basis of al-Qaeda. The death of Bin Laden, who was killed in a joint operation by US troops and CI operatives in May 2011, complicated the future of al-Qaeda. Some speculated that the group might seek retaliation, while others wondered if they would wallow without their supreme leader. More than a month after bin Laden’s death, al-Qaeda named Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri as their new leader. Following bin Laden’s death another powerful top ranking al-Qaeda leader, Fazul Abdullah Mohammed, was killed in June. Fazul Abdullah Mohammed was the leader of al-Qaeda in East Africa and was responsible for the organized US embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania in August 1998.
The mere idea of a child under the age of eighteen being directly affected by war is unimaginable. However, it has happened and is still happening, and the effects these children confront in the aftermath is awful. When a country is participating in a war, it creates an environment that is psychologically more damaging to boys than girls.
Al-Shabaab, the cells of al-Qaeda, recently have begun to leave major cities in Somalia, in route
Al-Shabaab as a terrorist group poses a significant threat in Somalia and in the global community. This paper will start by discussing the background. In this part the paper will show how the group has evolved from Al-Ittihad Al-Islam (AIAI) to the Islamic Court Union (ICU) and lastly to Al-Shabaab. Before discussing the group’s threat of national security, homeland and international, this paper will provide the conceptual meaning of key terminology, such as national security, homeland security, international security and globalization. It is important to understand these concepts before moving toward the main argument of the paper. After providing the framework for key concepts, the paper will discuss the group’s threat to Somalia in two areas, national security and homeland security. The paper will go further and identify the threats posed by the group on other nations’ homeland security and international security. We will use East African countries and the United States examples. The paper will provide evidence to support how globalization has shaped and fueled the threats from Al-Shabaab. It will then discuss the primary response from the United States and from African countries through AMISOM. The paper will provide the way forward and suggestions for the response of the international community to Al-Shabaab. In conclusion, we will try to alert the international community that although the group has been experience hard times in Somalia, it is unwise to
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