Mindfulness And Mindfulness ( Meditation )

(1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343.

AbstractThe paper summarizes a single-system design aimed at improving the participant's score on the Clinical Assessment of Anxiety through the intervention of meditative breathing. A baseline of three weeks was measured followed by four weeks of treatment phase. During the treatment phase, the participant completed meditative breathing exercise three times daily for five days each week. The participant completed the Clinical Assessment of Anxiety each Friday of the treatment phase. The results indicated improvement in the scores, however the participant's score never got below the clinical cutting score of 30.

Fourteen women in the program participated in an activity that assess their preparedness for leaving treatment. The women were given a pretest and post-test to assess their anxiety level on Monday, November 24, 2017. This assessment lasted approximately 50 minutes. Before the assessment started, the researcher had the participants fill out some demographic questions, sign consent form, and completed the pretest GAD -7. The assessment began with some quick psycho –education on the topic of meditation and discussion among the group about the topic of meditation.

The research question for this paper is: what are possible origins of or influences contributing to anxiety? Anxiety is a disorder where the individual experiences fear greater than what the situation warrants, and is currently the third largest psychiatric disorder in the United States (Schneier, 2003). However, the origins of anxiety is not entirely clear yet, and different schools of thought have formed different theories and explanations for this disorder. Knowing and understanding the possible origins of anxiety can assist in the development of treatments.

This subscale is comprised of four Likert-scale items assessing current symptoms (e.g., feeling tense or anxious, feeling irritable or easily angered, feeling intense fear that seems out of place, and experiencing shortness of breath or rapid heartbeat). The anxiety subscale has an internal consistency of .80 and a 3-4 week test-retest stability of .80 (Sperry et al., 1996). T-scores were computed using standard scoring protocol for the anxiety subscale. In this sub-sample, the Cronbach's alpha for the anxiety subscale was .61 for men and .73 for women. Men's t-scores ranged from 33.36 to 61.40 (mean = 39.72, SD = 5.53), and women's t-scores ranged from 33.36 to 70.75 (mean = 39.81, SD = 5.90). Information regarding clinical cut-offs or norms for general and clinical populations on the anxiety subscale are

To the general public, anxiety tends to be known simply as the feeling of being overly nervous. However, in the sense of this paper, anxiety is an umbrella term for a group of psychological disorders that, while similar in many ways, can vary greatly in their symptomology. For the sake of simplicity, this paper will focus mainly on Generalized Anxiety Disorder; however, the National Institute of Mental Health (2016) states that the three most common forms of anxiety disorders are Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Panic Disorder (National Institute of Mental Health, 2016). In fact, these disorders are much more common than many think: according to the NIMH, the lifetime prevalence of any anxiety disorder in U.S. adults

Due to the composition of the sample, there are some limitations related to the generalizability of the study. Most of the participants were first-year undergraduate students (66%), women (80%), and whites (73%). Therefore, the results may not fully apply to men, nonwhites or non-traditional students. At the same time, the results may not be representative in individuals from non-Catholic religious beliefs. Despite the limitations, this study demonstrates the long-term positive effects of mindfulness

Anxiety is the body’s normal reaction to stressors and occurs in various degrees by everyone. It is a healthy, protective response when experienced in moderation, however, when anxiety is experienced in excess, it can become an impairment to an individual’s normal functioning. According to SAMHSA, “Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive fear or anxiety that is difficult to control and negatively and substantially impacts daily functioning”(2014). There are many different types of anxiety disorders ranging from Generalized Anxiety Disorder to specific phobias. The new

In cases in which data from selected subscales of measures were reported, authors were contacted for anxiety and depression subscale data. Numerical data was extracted from the studies. Data were extracted to analyze changes from pre-to post treatment, pretreatment to follow-up with last observation carried forward (Hofmann et al., 2010). The researchers calculated effect sizes for continuous measures of anxiety and depression using pre–post treatment differences (within-group) for uncontrolled studies and also for controlled studies using Hedges’s g and its 95% confidence interval. They calculated an average Hedges’s g effect size for studies that included measures of severity of anxiety symptoms and a separate Hedges’s g effect size for measures of depressive symptom severity (Hofmann et al.,

Research has commonly shown that people who meditate have lower levels of stress and anxiety. Stress and anxiety are common sources or symptoms of depression, anxiety disorders, and a number of other mental disorders. Stress and

All of the subjects completed the Fear Questionnaire (FQ) at the beginning of the study and at each session. Other methods used were such as Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), the Chambless Agoraphobic Cognitions (CAS) scale, and Panic, Phobia and Generalized Anxiety scale. More scales were used as well, also at the start of the study the therapist and subjects each completed the Expectancies Rating Scale (ERS), this rated the possibility of improvement from

8.89, SD= 1.17), F (1, 28)= 3.41, p= 0.075. There was no gender by anxiety interaction on

INTRODUCTION: Even though stress negatively affects physical and mental abilities. Stress is the cause of tensions, overwork and increasing demands. Generally, the Anxiety is a part of our life. We live with it, manage it, or more all stress over it. Our lifestyle, the region in which we live, the economy, and our occupations can result in a lot of anxiety. Not everybody manages the same level of anxiety and there are a few elements that can affect our lives and reason us to have higher or lower anxiety levels. (Feldman, 2009)

The Depression anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) is a 21-item quantitative measure of distress that has 3 scales- anxiety, stress and depression, each of which has 7-items (Henry & Crawford, 2005). The DASS-21 is a shorter version of the full 42-item questionnaire (DASS) both of which are typically used to discriminate between the three related states of depression, anxiety and stress (Antony, Bieling, Cox, Enns, & Swinson, 1998). Distinguishing between these states has proven difficult, particularly between anxiety and depression (Clark & Watson, 1991a) . Many of the major scales predominantly measure the common factor of negative affectivity (Watson & Clark, 1984). While the full version DASS is used in both clinical and research settings, the DASS-21 is typically used for research purposes (Lovibond, 2013). As such this paper will evaluate the empirical evidence for the validity and reliability of the DASS-21 for research purposes.

In this section, a detailed analysis and discussion of the findings of my sources will be used as evidence in order to strengthen the argument of the research hypothesis, which is to what extent does meditation, prayer and contemplation contribute to an individual’s physical and psychological well-being. It would be far better if one’s self could achieve holistic well-being, improved peace of mind and relaxation as well as better thought processing without the need for any form of medical intervention. The scientific evidence of the many sources supports the notion that meditation, prayer and contemplation improves an individual’s mental, physical, emotional and spiritual well-being.