Abstract
Many factors in the macro-environment impact the development of an industry. These factors can by categorized as Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal (PESTEL). Economic, legal and environmental factors are closely tied up and mostly controlled by the political factors. Political factors mainly refer to intervention of the government in the economy via introduction and amendments of various new policies and laws. The purpose of this essay is to explain how the mining industry faces an uncertain future in some parts of the world due to various political changes. Increase and unpredictable government intervention across the globe is adding further complexity to a sector that is already heavily laden
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The companies and investors will search for more profitable and competitive industry environment when they can reasonably estimate the point where the government aggregate ‘take’ – corporate taxes, sales taxes, payroll taxes, royalties and special costs associated with doing business in a particular industry exceeds 50% (Grant Thornton, 2011).
Impact of increase in the taxation and royalties in the mining industry on various economies:
India
Mines and Minerals Regulation and Development Bill, 2011 (“MMRDB 2011”)
The Union Cabinet Ministry of India approved MMRB 2011 on 30 September 2011. As per the new bill, coal mining companies will share 26% of the profits and non-coal miners will pay an amount equal to the royalty paid to the state government to the project-affected persons (PTI, 2011). Enactment of the new Mining Bill is likely to have a negative impact on existing pure-play mining companies, with their profits impacted by as much as 12 percent (Macquarie 2011 cited in PTI, 2011). Mining sector in India is already heavily taxed at 43%. Whereas, the taxation rate in China is at 32%, Brazil is at 35% and Australia is at 39%. Due to the new bill the taxation on coal mining industries will rise from 47.7% to 61% and in case of Iron ore it will reach from current 43% to 55% (Bose, 2011).
Firstly, the above tax changes will lead to reduction in the investment in the mining industry
“None can say except approximately; for the ten percent royalty imposed by the Canadian government.” This quote relates to the stricter laws of what the miners had to go through, but later in the article it mention that all minder if they wanted to mine must have a license, pay ten dollars, and if they want the claim they would have to have gone to the records office. The article shows the many rules and regulations on what the miners would have to do in order to collect
Paying high taxes and the future market size can be classified as weaknesses which can affect Alothaim in a negative way.
Mining has strong increase in revenues and investment in the mining sector and for other industries aligned to mining and resources. Modelling undertaken for this document estimates that the mining increase has on average delivered 0.62 per cent to whole funding
taxes be paid for in only silver. One of the effects of the flow of silver bullion has
economic, social and environmental responsibilities, while making a positive and lasting contribution to the environment and communities in which it operates. However there is also a large amount of informal alluvial diamond digging – which is not currently regulated and therefore neither is its impact on the environment. This document, as the majority of diamond mining is formal, focuses on the environmental impact on this sector.
The mining has become a controversial topic due to the mass publicity regarding the potential danger of nuclear power and uranium mining, not to mention the objections by some Indigenous groups. The controversy is significant
The world price of Australia’s mining exports has more than tripled over the past decade, while investment spending by the mining sector increased from 2 per cent of GDP to 8 per cent. This ‘mining boom’ represents one of the largest shocks to hit the Australian economy in generations. This paper attempts to quantify some of its effects, using top-down analysis of the Australian economy. It will show the mining boom has substantially increased Australian living standards. By 2016, we estimate that it had raised real per capita household disposable income by 13 per cent, raised real wages by 6 per cent and lowered the unemployment rate by about 1¼ percentage points. There have also been costs. The boom has led to a large appreciation of the Australian dollar that has weighed on other industries exposed to trade, such as manufacturing and agriculture.
My first reason States that mining will affect many jobs including farmers and fishermen. I think this because, without good water, it would be hard for farmers to get good water for irrigating
Despite these many benefits, the coal mines also proposes many environmental issues, the first of which would be the effect that they would have on the neighbouring Great Barrier Reef. The increased production of carbon dioxide would increase the rate of ocean acidification in the Great Barrier Reef, a UNESCO site that is already suffering from many other pollution and destruction issues. However ocean acidification would only be a secondary effect of the coal mines, as the primary concern would be runoff of sediment from the mines that would leak into the reef, polluting it even further.
whether the tax strategy is sustainable under the tax law and therefore over whether the additional
Despite all these positive economic impacts, this industry is plagued with contention and conflict. (Sagebien, 2008) Anti-development effects of mining thought of as the “resource curse” includes twisted economics, unfavourable social and environmental consequences at the community level, domestic economic dependence on extraction to the exclusion of other more sustainable industries, loss of
This report had been prepared requested by the Board. The content of this report concentrated on evaluating the performance of Iron Ore Mining and providing a recommendation of any potential financial justified growth strategies for the next strategic planning horizon (3 years).
Taxation policy.For example, because of taxation policy since last year’s Industry Report the full rate of duty has risen by 17.8%. Marginal benefits from the reduction to 15% have less than a year to run, when the possible return to 17.5% will leave the industry with the permanent “bonus” of the 8% duty hike imposed in November 2008.
There are lots of benefits that surround the mining sector. Not just the impact it would have on the economy, but other factors as well. An economic impact it has is that communities will receive revenue when mines are being established, this bring about a change and development in the local community. This is crucial especially in areas where they had little revenue coming, the mines will bring in a huge change in that environment.
The mining industry has seen an explosive growth from the past few decades. It has played an important role in economic growth, infrastructure development and a raise in the living standard of the whole world. According to the Australian National Accounting System, the mining sector has made contributions of 9.8% GDP growth to the Australian economy between 2008 to 2009 (Australia Bureau of Statistics, 2012). However, the mining industry has caused many environmental issues such as adverse effect to air, land and water quality and continues to affect global environment as a whole. According to the World Health Organization, it evaluated that 25% of worldwide death are directly associated with environmental pollution (Blacksmith Institute, n.d). This essay will outline the environmental issue raised by the mining industry with pinpoint focus on the effects to air, water and land. It will also provide strategies for mining companies to improve the environmental conditions.