According to Marc Mauer and The Sentencing Project, prisons and jail populations have increased at an unprecedented rate of more than 500%. The result: 2.2 million people behind bars (Mauer, 2007). Additionally, with the increase of incarceration population, there has been an apparent and disproportional racial composition, particularly of African Americans who currently make up approximately 900,000 of the 2.2
African Americans, while representing 17% of the youth population, account for 45% of all juvenile arrests. Black youth are 2 times more likely than white youth to be arrested, to be referred to juvenile court, to be formally processed and adjudicated as delinquent or referred to the adult criminal justice system, and they are 3 times more likely than white youth to be sentenced to out-of –home residential placement. Zero tolerance rhetoric, which was borrowed from the War on Drugs, became widespread
2001-2002 found that aboriginal youth constituted 5% of the total Canadian population and that 25% of the remand population is aboriginal youth. Of the total youth population in prison 22% are aboriginal (Web PG). In terms of gender, aboriginal female youth account for 32% of the remand population and 25% of the prison population. Male aboriginal youth comprised 23% of the remand population and 21% of the youth prison population (Stats Canada). There is an obvious gender differentiation between aboriginal
Is Death Penalty Applied Fairly The death penalty has been a controversy in the United States justice system since its commencement (Bakken & Morris, 2010). Although extremely controversial, it has stood the test of time as the definitive penalty. Numerous countries are at present bring an end their death penalty law. Contrary to that, the United States has thirty eight out of its fifty states with death penalty still operational. It seems the United States needs the death penalty more than ever
pre-condition for employment. Besides these skills and health problems, most ex offenders are minorities, nearly half are African American, an nearly a fifth are Latino and Asian. To the extent that minorities continue to suffer labor market discrimination, this will further impede the ability of ex offenders to gain employment or earn higher wages. Most return to low income and predominantly minority communities that have relatively few unskilled jobs, and to peer groups who presumably provide
capitalizing upon these employment opportunities and attaining a better life. Simultaneously, many African-Americans migrated from the rural South into major cities, bearing the same intentions as those of the European immigrants. The presence of these minority groups generated both racial and class fears within white middle and upper class Americans. The fervent ethnocentrism resulting from these fears,
Women in Prison: Recidivism and Reentry The study of recidivism amongst women in prison is important because most research focuses on the male population. The reasons for the “revolving door” phenomenon are different for women; therefore, their treatment should be more gender focused and specific to their needs. Judging by the rates at which women recidivate, you could assume that somewhere along the way the system has failed them. What role does drug use, motherhood, mental health, physical
Women in Prison: Recidivism and Reentry The study of recidivism amongst women in prison is important because most research focuses on the male population. The reasons for the “revolving door” phenomenon are different for women; therefore, their treatment should be more gender focused and specific to their needs. Judging by the rates at which women recidivate, you could assume that somewhere along the way the system has failed them. What role does drug use, motherhood, mental health, physical
Table of contents Dedication ………………………………….. ..i Preface …………………………………….......ii Acknowledgement ……………………………iii Table of contents ……………………………..IV Topic: religious unrest in Nigeria, causes and effects. Chapter 1 1.1 Definitions of religion. 1.2 Types of religion. 1.3 Types of religion and religious unrest in Nigeria. Chapter 2 2.1 causes of religious unrest
Law Enforcement in a Democratic Society cha pt er 1 ISBN 0-558-46766-0 Law Enforcement in the 21 Century, Second Edition, by Heath B. Grant and Karen J. Terry. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. st Chapter Out line INTRODUCTION The Themes of the Book The Police Function: Social Control and the Use of Force Policing Within the Rule of Law: The Challenges of Discretion The Delicate Balance: Crime Control versus Due Process The Levels of Law Enforcement Municipal