Mirror On The Wall

Growing up as a babysitter, I had always prided myself on being able to read the kids I sat for, more specifically when they were lying. Often times when they did lie, instead of using it as a moment to learn, I put them on time out or something along those lines. While I still believe that reinforcing negative actions with a consequence is important, I now realize that establishing an environment where a child feels comfortable telling the truth is far more important. This chapter really got me thinking about how honesty is very important, and that when a child chooses to be honest, they should not be punished for their wrongdoing, or at least feel like they have to please me for an answer. What I really questioned was where the line is to punish a child for a an action he was honest about, when he could have lied. Surly some things would be considered bad enough to were more action needs to be taken after telling the truth. All in all, the chapter taught me that children are very unpredictable and we can't accurately determine when they are lying. Also, that lying is a structural part of our society and it’s built into everyday things we do. This is a very big problem specifically in raising the next generation of

Walls and Mirrors: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the Politics of Ethnicity. By David G Gutiérrez. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995).

The study was set up as a "blind experiment" to capture if and when a person will stop inflicting pain on another as they are explicitly commanded to continue. The participants of this experiment included two willing individuals: a teacher and a learner. The teacher being the real subject and the learner is merely an actor. Both were told that they would be involved in a study that tests the effects of punishment on

In the experiment, Mischel and his colleagues individually tested preschoolers’ ability to delay gratification using the marshmallow test. The child would be given a plate of treats, such as marshmallows, and told the researcher had to leave for a few minutes. But, before the researcher left the child was given two options: they could wait for the researcher to return and be rewarded with two marshmallows or once the researcher left they could ring a bell and the researcher would immediately return, except the

During the second day of the experiment, the roles were reversed. The brown-eyed children being told and treated like they were the superior group (1985). The results of this experiment proved interesting as it revealed how quick and easily groups can be discriminated against based on differences alone. Not only did the in-groups and the out-groups start treating each other terribly, but the kids who were in the out-group developed low self-esteem which caused them to do worse on their class assignments, get temperamental, defensive and fought with the other group. The results during role reversal were the same. Jane Elliot later commented during the experiment she "… watched what had been marvelous, cooperative, wonderful, thoughtful children turn into nasty, vicious, discriminating, little third-graders in a space of fifteen minutes” (1985). The children’s academic performance greatly

When learning information about important facts, dates, and the influential people who made up U.S. history, I do not remember learning much of anything regarding the Irish, Chinese, or Japanese. Well, except for Pearl Harbor and the U.S. retaliating against Japan by dropping atomic bombs. I definitely learned that people from around the world immigrated by boat across vast amounts of ocean for a chance to thrive in the land of freedom called America. I learned that millions of people entered through Ellis Island in the late nineteenth century, looking upon the Statue of Liberty, in hopes of finding their right to life, liberty, and happiness. I learned that the majority of these people were stricken of their identities and provided new American names that were easier to pronounce. I did not however, learn about the great discrimination and hardship that these people suffered at the hands of white Americans. The major theme presented is labor discrimination, unequal and unfair pay, long hours, and harsh working and living environments in regards to the Mexican Americans, Chinese, and Japanese. Takaki (2008) paints a vivid picture of discrimination and suffering of the people known as the “others” living and working in the multicultural “melting pot” United States, in his book A Different Mirror: A History of Multicultural America.

Box 3.2: Why do it this way? is especially relevant, as it considers an important advantage of the experimental method. Chapter 6: No experiments are discussed in this chapter, however, the essay question requires you to discuss the value of experiments. Consider if there are certain aspects of human behaviour and/or performance that cannot be meaningfully investigated using experiments. What are the alternative methods of studying behaviour? Sections 2 and 3 of Chapter 6 are relevant in this respect.

The University of Rochester had revisited the marshmallow experiment with a different approach by having the kids first have an encounter with an adult, one reliable and another unreliable. For this had influenced the kids decision for waiting 15 minutes on the second marshmallow. In Source 2, it says “Only one of the 14 children in the unreliable condition held out for the full 15-minute wait.” and “More than half of the kids who had just had a reliable encounter, however, made it through the 15-minute wait.”. The difference from this experiment and the first one was the encounter with the adults and it had a huge effect the kids choice.

When conducting an experiment to test this hypothesis, it must first begin with gaining the informed consent of the children’s parents to have their children to be able to participate. After obtaining their consent, each child would be randomly assigned to play with either a set of dolls or a set of action figures for an hour. Afterwards

In the experiment group, children were asked to postpone their desire to eat marshmallow for ten minutes, but they were notified how much time left to hold their

In the nonsymbolic task, the children were shown a doll and a room, and watched as the

The main ethical issue with this experiment was the use of deception as the participants did not know the truth behind this study. Participants believe that they were shocking the learners and they were under severe stress due to this is possible that they had suffered psychological injuries. The participants have the right to withdraw from the study if they wanted; however, this was not made clear to them. Also, participants did not receive enough information about the study.

Psychologically this could make the children feel self conscious and not like themselves. Some of the people who originally took part in this experiment “still regard the experiment as

In this experiment, subjects are explained that this is “a ‘learning experiment’ to ... study the effects of punishment on memory” (4). Yet, the real intention here is to measure the participants’ compliance towards the experimenter. This controversy is unethical as subjects are volunteering for a cause that does not exist. They are misled since they are not exposed to the real purpose of this study.

Observe the details of the experiment with the 16-month old babies who are shown Cookie Monster and Big Bird. Explain the experiment’s design, including the question posed by the researchers and the conclusions they reach regarding children’s acquisition of