Information Systems from a Functional Perspective:
Each management level has a special type of information system that best serves its needs. Each management level also consists of individual functions that require specific pieces of information according to their mission. Keeping in mind the four types of information systems we just reviewed; let's look at the information system requirements for each individual function. From the Function point of view organization can be divide Information Systems into four major areas. These are shown in figure 1.0-
[pic] Figure 1.0: The four major types of information systems
▪ Sales & Marketing Systems
Marketing is concerned with the planning, promotion & dales of existing
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Human Resource Systems are shows below-
|SYSTEM |DESCRIPTION |ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL |
|Training & Development |Track Training, Skills, Appraisals |Operational Level |
|Career Pathing |Design Employee Career Paths |Knowledge |
|Compeansation Analysis |Monitor Wages, Salaries, Benefits |Management |
|Human Resources Planning |Plan Long Term Labor Force Needs |Strategic |
Table 1.4: Examples of Human Resource Systems
Interrelationship among the System
There are different interests, specialties and levels in an organization thus there are different kind of systems operate in an organization. In management level the information can be categorized into following- Strategic information, Managerial information & Operational Information. Information system types are shown in figure 1.0.
[pic]
Figure 1.0: Type of Information System
All these
The five major components of an information system are as follows (1) to (5); (1) Hardware, multiple computer systems: microcomputers, minicomputers, and mainframes. (2) Software- computer software falls into two categories; systems software and applications software. Systems software manages the resources of the computer system and simplifies programming. Application Software is a program that directly assists end users in doing their work. Both can be purchased as ready-to-use packages. (3) Networks and communication facilities, includes Internet and intranets. This hardware and software facilitates fast and efficient transmission and reception of text, pictures and
Another way of successfully gathering information is by building a prototype or model of the system, so that users can test or get an idea of what the finished product will be like. With this they can determine issues, problems, or inconsistency with the system. Another important part of gathering information is organizing it so that it can be understood and put to proper use. I propose categorizing the requirements into functional requirements, operational requirements, technical requirements, and transitional requirements. The functional requirements define how the user thinks the system is functioning overall, the operational requirements define what background processes need to be executed in order for the system to work optimally over a period of time, the technical requirements define what technical issues that must be addressed in order to successfully implement the system, and the transitional requirements define the processes or steps needed to implement the system smoothly and successfully. ("Mind Tools", 2012).
Furthermore, Management Information Systems (MIS) not only is based on software systems, but also includes set of business processes and useful resources that work to put the information together from tactical systems. The entire system is designed to the company to get tactical goals and meet strategies. Basically, the role of any MIS organization could be compared with the heart of a body. This means that information is the blood and MIS is the heart. For a good function of the body should be flow pure blood, because it will help to regulate correctly the brain. MIS has the same role in any organization, all information is collected from distinct sources to all needed destinations. Additionally, MIS plays a particular role of information generation, problem identification and communication because all of this help to improve and take right the decision making.
This aim of this document was to provide a summary and definition of the concept of Information Systems and contrast the subject against Information Technology. As part of this I have defined systems and I then have offered some brief commentary on how IS has changed over the last hundred years or so.
2. Management Information Systems is a system that contains technology, information, and people, which are used to resolve business problems, such as the price of a product or other problems.
Information is an essential tool for managers in the retention, recruitment, utilization and evaluation of human resources in health services organizations. Since they support the goals and objectives of the organization, information systems play an important role in planning and management of human resources. These systems will serve as an important personnel administration operational programs, including employee record keeping, budget control, compensation, benefits management, and government reporting.
With today new technology, information system is a set of collecting, processing, storing, and distributing information to support and control an organization. Information system makes it possible for firms to manage their information to make better decisions and speed up the accomplishment of business processes. In order to use information systems effectively, one needs to understand the fundamental organization, management, and information technology of the information systems.
Understanding how goals of an organization and the roles of its stakeholders affect the selection process of an information system is vital to the success of that project. To ensure the execution of this task as well as its organization, efficiency, and accuracy, key leaders join creating a team of professionals ready for implementing change (Wager, Wickham Lee, & Glaser, 2009) . Learning how to select and acquire an information system, goals that should drive it and the roles of stakeholders is imperative to keep the project from failing.
Businesses have used computers since the 1950s to assist in the operation of daily activities. Accounting tasks were the first to be solved with computers, which started the process of developing information systems. The early computers were large and bulky and took up the space of an entire room. Typically these computers can only handle one task at a time and were only allowed to be used by one user at a time. Today technology is all around us and used on a day-to-day basis. This information is so vast that it requires a management process to keep it organized and in order. With the implementation of a personal computer, also known as a PC, along with networking, multi-user systems and applications, allows users to enter their own data, and has relieved most of the original computer problems of data input and processing. According to Wikipedia management information systems, also abbreviated as MIS, is the study of people, technology, organizations and the relationships among them. Our book elaborates stating that management information systems is a specific form of information technology that managers utilize to generate the specific, detailed information they need to perform their roles effectively. Since the subject is so broad with this paper we are going to take a look at what materials are covered within Management Information Systems and why these are important. The materials discussed with be managing data resources, business
Information systems serve as the pillars for a business to stand upon and maintain stability, productivity, and profitability. According to Stair and Reynolds (2015), one major retailer, Kohl's, considers, "information systems strategic to help drive sales, satisfy customers, and make key business decisions in the extremely competitive and constantly changing retail market" (p.4). Although one business's operations or industry may differ significantly from another business, the information systems employed by either one can be generally categorized into one of the following tiers: operational level, knowledge level, higher level, and strategic level. Furthermore, each one of these tiers encompasses subdivisions of specific information systems.
The description of the requirement is very important in the process of acquiring an information system, stating of sections it intends to function, opportunities and problems it may arise during adoption stage (Bernroider, 2008). The description is as important
Organizational systems are of great importance companies' success on the market. The most important systems in this organization are represented by the management system, the technical system, the human resources system, the organizational system, and others. Each of these systems has individual objectives, but that are oriented towards the general objectives of the organization. The management system refers to establishing the competence limits within the company, the objectives that each department must have, and the decision making process. In addition to this, the management system also establishes how activities can be delegated within the company.
Management Information Systems – the purpose of this type of system is to help organizations achieve its goals by supplying managers with insights into the normal operations of the company so that they can control, organize, and plan more effectively. Is a system that provides the right information to the right person at the right time
The field of MIS can deliver many benefits to enterprises in every industry. Every department in an organization has different needs for information. Consequently, management information system helps each department differently. Described below are the major departments in an organization and how each department utilize MIS:
Organizational structure: Information systems reflect the type of organizational structure entrepreneurial, machine bureaucracy, divisionalized bureaucracy, professional bureaucracy, or adhocracy.