Mitochondrial Function

Poor diet, like meat and potatoes, can alter the brain and create an imbalance on a well-functioning brain. According to Gomez-Pinilla (2008), there is an influence on specific nutrients that act on cellular processes that are important for maintaining cognitive function. Richard must implement a course of action and manage his life better. Although Richard is unable to go back to being free of his chronic illness, he is able to maintain a healthy lifestyle and prolong his life by creating awareness for his current issue and applying self-control to maintain a healthier lifestyle. He also has good family support that can help him to maintain

Awareness is necessary in understanding this disease. As humans continue to live longer, the risk for many illness and deficiencies begin to present them. Alzheimer’s and dementia is one of the many problems that plague the aging population. Understanding brain aging and reducing risk for neurological disease with age requires searching for mechanisms and treatment options beyond the age-related changes in neuronal

Vitamins A,B,C,D,E,K are very important in maintaining a healthy mental lifestyle, and some major foods that contain these vitamins are carrots, meat, citrus fruits, seafood, almonds, and leafy greens. Some main beneficial foods I learned more about, were dark chocolate and avocado. Dark chocolate improves mood and energy by releasing endorphins and helps the health of the brain with magnesium. Avocados have many good fats, counteracting the claim that they are negatively too fatty. They also contain potassium and folate which both lead to better brain health and function.

Diets high in sugar and carbs and similarly low in fat are devastating to the brain. I was amazed when Dr Perlmutter indicated that diets high in carbs are associated with 90% increase in dementia.If we look at American Heart Association website they recommend a diet high in whole grains. After listening to this video I have a better understanding about the ideal diet that will help us reduce the risk of diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, ADHD, Autism and Multiple Sclerosis. Diets high in fat are associated with 44% reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease. 54% of cases of Alzheimer’s disease could be prevented. By incorporating healthy fats like Coconut oil, Avocadoes, nuts we can regenerate brain cells in memory centers. I was amazed we I knew we can grow back brain cells. This will definitely help me to counsel and education my younger patients, parents to change their diet from early life stages. I can definitely help my patients plan healthy menu. I would encourage all my patients to favor above ground colorful vegetables (because they don’t have a lot of starch in them). Motivate my patients to eat green leafy vegetables like Kale, Swiss chard, Green Collards, Broccoli,

Mitochondria are important because they allow our bodies to function by converting oxygen that we breathe in and the nutrients we ingest from food to energy we can use in the form of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). This is done through aerobic respiration (requires oxygen), without the many mitochondria we have in our body we would not have sufficient energy from anaerobic respiration for our metabolic requirements. (Link its importance to its other functions- what would happen if it could not perform its functions e.g. lack of regulation of apoptosis and cancer- links to essays overall argument).

Once a upon time, there was a lonely mitochondria named Sophia Mitochondria. Sophia Mitochondria had been alone for a while and she does not know where her parents are. She want to find her parents so she decided to talk someone to help her which is her childhood best friend, David Chloroplast. However, before she called him, she did her normal routine. She took nutrients from one of their cells, breaks it down and turn it into energy. This routine is also known as cellular respiration. After that, she call her David Chloroplast and thirty minutes later, David Chloroplast was in front of her house. David Chloroplast and Sophia Mitochondria came to Bacteria Garden which Sophia Mitochondria’s parents favorite place to go every weekend. When they

Mitochondria are rod-shaped organelles that can be considered the power generators of a cell. They convert oxygen and nutrients into ATP. In turn, ATP powers most of the cell’s chemical reactions that allow the cell to function. Without mitochondria, certain cells would not be able to work and do their job. The cells would not be able to obtain enough energy to survive. A cell’s mitochondria relates to workers because they supply the cell with energy, just like how workers supply their energy to do their job. The mitochondria in a cell are responsible for providing energy so the cell can function, like how workers do certain tasks to keep the business thriving. Mitochondria are found in both plant and animal cells. However, they are found in

The mitochondria has been known as the powerhouse of the cell. What does that even mean? Well, what it means that the mitochondria does all of the cell energy conversion. It takes nutrients from the cell and transforms it into viable ATP. ATP, molecule adenosine triphosphate, is the energy that cells can use. The process in turning nutrients into ATP is called ATP Synthase. The first part of ATP synthase is an ending of cellular respiration. The mitochondria plays a small but large role in the cell. The structure of the mitochondria plays a huge part of cellular respiration. Mitochondrial structure has two membranes an inner and an outer. Inside the inner membrane you have the matrix and the cristae. The first part of cellular respiration is glycolysis, it is made outside of the mitochondria in a gel like fluid called the cytoplasm. Next, is the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, named after the German researcher Hans Krebs, goes in through the outer membrane. Enzyme Acetyl CoA enters and combines the two carbon groups with another four carbon groups. The result is six carbon molecules citrate, which are acidic. The next part in the Krebs cycle is that the hydrogen atoms are stripped and produce NADH molecules. The final Krebs step is; ADP is transferred to ATP the succinate is oxidized forming another four carbon molecule. The two hydrogen carbons react and their electrons transform from FAD to FADH2. The Krebs cycle makes only about 4 ATP and in the

Humans all share similarities brains to chimpanzees and mice. To understanding the long-term change of brain regulation, and particularly as they occur after birth, is crucial in determining the force that nutrition and environmental have on healthy development during stage of life cycles. Furthermore, most of human brains develop after birth. Environmental can the main affect that functioning our brain later in life (during early childhood and adolescence), environmental factor can either destroy the brain further and increase the risk of schizophrenia (long-term mental disorder). Mental disorder or mental illness caused by biological, psychological and social factors. When teenagers are having stressful day, they tend to use drug to relieve their stress out.

Besides the appearance of episodic focal inflammatory lesions, there is a more generalized and progressive disease process that results in slow axonal , neuronal degeneration and subsequent accumulation of neurologic disabilities. The pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative process is aurged to the mitochondrial dysfunction which could be a key contributing mechanism ( Su et al., 2013)

Nutrition is very, very important to brain health,”“Surprisingly, the brain is made up of 60% fat—it’s the fattest part of our body—and that fat insulates the nerve tracks. Without that fat we slow down mentally,” That is what we say DEMENTIA and eat almonds in dementia before your brain starts to decline.

Huntington’s disease (HD) is neurodegenerative disease related to some manifestations developing through the path of the disease as movement disorders in the form of incoordination and chorea in first stages, then dystonia, rigidity, and bradykinesia which become more aggressive .finally, patients die 15 to 25 years from the beginning of the first manifestations(1-4) Brains from patients with HD show neuronal degeneration ,mainly in the striatum.The mechanism of neuronal degeneration is uncertain but mitochondrial dysfunction may be one of the important contributors to neuronal dysfunction and finally neurodegeneration in HD.(5-7)

According to research, maintaining a low to normal weight during midlife is associated with decreased risk of dementia, AD and vascular disease (Rosengren et al., 2005). Nutrition is extremely crucial to maintaining a healthy weight. There are three diets associated with decreasing the risk of dementia in old age: the Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet (DASH diet), and newly developed Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet (MIND diet). Not only do these diets aid in dementia prevention, but they help guard against cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease and stroke, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. By adhering to these diets, individuals can help maintain their weight and increase their overall health, energy and longevity. As a general statement, these diets are limited in sodium, simple carbohydrates and unhealthy fats (saturated and trans-fats), which have been linked to dementia. They are also considered to be low in calories and are nutrient dense, thus providing individuals with the nourishment to fight against dementia during old age.

New reproductive techniques to prevent the inheritance of serious mitochondrial disease result in a child with three genetic parents. Their mtDNA comes from a donor female and their nuclear DNA from their biological mother and father. Is this a slippery slope towards a future of designer babies, where parents can choose the genetic attributes of their children?

Mitochondria are a major source of cell superoxide generation that in turn yields a spectrum of secondary reactive species. They serve multiple functions, including regulation of intracellular calcium stores, ATP production, activation of caspases, and regulation of redox signaling. The outer mitochondrial membrane is porous and allows for passage of low molecular substances between the cytosol, the inter-mitochondrial compartment, and the matrix. Mitochondrial dysfunction is characterized by a decreased ATP production, decreased membrane potential, decreased expression of mitochondrial complexes I, III, IV and increased mitochondrial respiration and ROS production, has been observed in the inflamed airways of asthmatic subjects. Excessive