Mitosis Research Paper

Anaphase – the chromosomes are divided into single from pair and the chromosomes move to opposite poles

According to the data table, prophase is the longest stage of mitosis. Even though there were more tallies in the interphase section, interphase is not considered a stage of the mitotic cycle; it is more or less considered a stage in the cell cycle. Telophase is the shortest stage because there were very few cells that showed evidence of them actually being in this stage. Metaphase and anaphase are intermediate stages, with metaphase being longer than anaphase.

In Meiosis Metaphase 1 is similar to Mitosis stage one but differs as chromosomes form a double row at the equator of the spindle instead of a single row. Anaphase In Mitosis and Meiosis Anaphase; the centromere splits as a result the spindle contract further and the two chromatids of each chromosome separate and migrate to opposite ends. The spindle fibres are made of tubulin molecules and they shorten through the removal process.

We also learned about mitosis is divided into five phases prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. There are many diffrence between the two articles.

In our mitosis microscope lab, the phase that was most identified was prophase, with a total of 49 times for mine. During prophase, there is a lot that must be accomplished before the actual division of chromosomes including but is not limited to: the breakdown of the nuclear membrane, condensation of chromosomes, and the synthesis of spindles. Prophase can take up as much as 50-60% of the total time required to complete mitosis; it spends around 20 minutes in the cell. In prophase, the chromatin condenses into double rod-shaped structures referred to as chromatin, in which the chromatin becomes visible. There are two identical copies of each chromosome in the cell also known as the sister chromatids. The sister chromatids are attached to

19) The phase of mitosis during which the nuclear envelope fragments and the nucleoli disappear is called

Prophase-This is the first stage of mitosis, chromosomes that consist of two chromatids and condense

These bivalents line up along the equator during metaphase I, the arrangement of the bivalent is completely random and relative to the orientation of the other bivalents, this is known as the independent assortment of chromosomes. This is followed by anaphase I where the homologous chromosomes separate and move to the opposite poles of the cell. At telophase I the cell divides into two, each cell contains one chromosome from each homologous pair. The second stage of meiosis is similar to mitosis.

The main focus of this lab was to be able to understand the different phases of mitosis and the cell cycle and also identify what those stages may look like. Mitosis is the process in which concerns the production of new cells. For example, when apoptosis(cell death) the process of Mitosis begins to replace the dead cells. To be able to familiarize ourselves with this concept, we took a sample of an onion root and had it put through a process to be able to look at the different phases under the microscope. We found that the majority of the cells were mostly undergoing Interphase or Prophase which are the phases in charge of crossing over of DNA and where the chromosomes then become visible and the nuclear envelope dissipates. The conclusion of this lab was that Mitosis is essential for the production of new cells. In the case of the onion root sample, the cells were damaged leading to the tester to undergo Mitotic cell division and it was found that mainly Interphase and Prophase were the stages that occurred in this lab.

The processes of mitosis and meiosis were examined along with their frequency as well as each of the different steps and their time duration. It was found that the interphase stage of both mitosis and meiosis was the longest of all the stages as this was where most of the ‘action’ was happening such as cell growth and duplication of all cell organelles and chromosome replication also. It was also found that mitosis and meiosis have similar stages, however, they also have a lot of differences such as the end result and what is happening throughout each stage.

Mitosis may be divided into five separate stages. The first of these stages is prophase, where the duplicated chromatin fibres are condensed to form distinct chromosomes. A protein complex called condensin is phosphorylated by M-Cdk and, whilst cohesin proteins tie the two sister chromatids together, the condensing molecules force the individual DNA molecules to coil and condense (Alberts, et al., 2004). Meanwhile, in the cytoplasm, the two centrosomes start to move apart as they begin to form the mitotic spindle; a bipolar array of microtubules whose assembly is again stimulated by M-Cdk, although its formation is also thought to be aided by another protein kinase, Polo-like kinase (Plk) (Glover, Hagan, & Tavares, 1998). The next stage, prometaphase, by definition, starts when the nuclear envelope

Mitosis is one of two main methods of cell replication, the other being meiosis. It is “the simple duplication of a cell and all of its parts” resulting from the splitting of a cell. The ‘parent’ or original cell splits, duplicating its DNA (packaged in chromosomes) producing two ‘daughter’ or new cells with the same genetic code. There are four stages of mitosis; Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. Interphase is not an official phase of mitosis as the cell is at ‘rest’ and not being divided during this phase. It is often called one of the phases of mitosis as it is one of the stages in the life cycle of a cell; however it is not a phase of mitosis due to the fact that no division takes place.

Mitosis is the first stage of the cell cycle. This is where chromosomes located in the nucleus, are divided evenly between two cells. Once the process of cell division is complete, the end result of mitosis is two identical daughter cells, with identical genetic material. Before mitosis occurs, the dividing cell experiences a period of growth, known as interphase. Interphase is the holding stages between two successive cell division; 90% of the time is in interphase and is the stage where cell division occurs.

According to McKinley, O’Loughlin and Bidle (2015), the replication of cells in the cell cycle included two general phases which are Interphase and Mitotic phase. As for the Interphase, the stage of preparation of cell division, it is normally divided into three phases which are G1, S and G2 phases and this process take approximately 23 hours. Firstly, G1 phase is the stage that the cell occurs growth and preparation for the S phase which is DNA replication. After that, DNA molecule unwind and the hydrogen bonds that are holding between the DNA bases are broken, therefore, the DNA break into two DNA strands and the free deoxyribonucleotides attach to the expose site following the rule of code by the hydrogen bond and phosphodiester bond and assembled a new DNA strand, therefore, the cell have two new DNA strand and its return to coiled and double helix structure. The cell grows and prepares further for the division of DNA. Turning to Mitotic, chromosomes are formed by the coiling of chromatin and the nucleolus breaks down. Then, the centrioles begin to form the spindle fibres and move into opposite cell poles, the the envelope of the nuclear breaks down and this stage is called Prophase. As for Metaphase, the spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes, which line up along the centre of the cell. In Anaphase stage, the sister chromatids being pulled apart by spindle fibres and move toward into the opposite end of the cell and each chromatid is a chromosome with

Cell cycle is the order of events that takes place in a cell in groundwork for cell division. The cell cycle is a process of four stages. In each of the stage in which the cell increases in size (G1), copies its DNA(S), prepares to divide (G2), and divides(Mitosis). Mitosis itself have four stages. First is prophase, in which chromosomes are condensed, homologous chromosomes are paired together, and the spindle apparatus made of microtubules forms. Second is metaphase, in which the paired chromosomes are lined up across the center of the cell on the metaphase plate. Third is anaphase, in which the homologous chromosomes are pulled to separate poles in the dividing cell by the attached spindle apparatus. Fourth one is the telophase, in which the daughter cell chromosomes are collected together at the poles. These stages make up interphase, which credits for the distance among cell divisions. In other words, cell cycle is the process in which parent cell divides and produces new cells, called daughter cells. The main concern of cell division is the maintenance of the original cell's Genome (genes).