Mitral Valve Prolapse Research Paper

Mr Fred underwent a minimally invasive Mitral valve repair whilst an inpatient. Post operatively Mr Fred was monitored in Sinus Rhythm. On Day 2 post operatively Mr Fred alerted nurses that he was feeling dizzy and felt chest palpitations. He was diaphoretic and cool peripherally. On examination Mr Fred was found to be in RAF (Rapid Atrial

The flow of blood through the heart is controlled by four valves. If any are not working correctly, blood cannot flow or be pumped effectively to the heart. The four valves are: the tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, mitral, and aortic semilunar. There are many abnormalities or defects that can affect their operation and in this paper, I will discuss the most common one which is a “mitral valve prolapse.” A valvular prolapse is an abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that causes the valve to not close completely. It is also known as “click murmur syndrome” and “Barlow’s syndrome” and is more prevalent in women than men. It has a strong hereditary

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) was first characterized by Barlow and Bosman in the 1960s.(Barlow and Bosman) It was first called Barlow’s Syndrome before being called mitral valve prolapse by Criley (Barlow and Bosman),(Criley et al.). Barlow’s syndrome was diagnosed by electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and chest X-ray.3 The mitral valve apparatus includes tow leaflets, chordae tendineae, anulus, left atrium, papillary muscles and left ventricular wall (Devereux et al.). Mitral valve prolapse involves the leaflets, chordae, annulus and left ventricular wall.(Devereux et al.) The anterior leaflet is relatively long and semi-circular, while the posterior leaflet is shorter in normal patients.(Irvine et al.) Most commonly the posterior leaflet is affected.(Devereux et al.) During systole the leaflet balloons in to the left ventricle.(Devereux et al.) Physically, in a patient with mitral valve prolapse, the leaflet is displaced beyond the mitral anulus.(Levine et al.)

Although Mitral Valve Prolapse has existed for many years, there are a few facts a person should know while being diagnosed with this disease. Mitral Valve Prolapse is the most common valve abnormality in the U.S (Gillinov 517). About two to three percent of the population has Mitral Valve Prolapse (Gillinov 517). Of that percentage, very few need surgery due to a severe leak (Gillinov 326). If surgical treatment is necessary, a person receiving a non-surgical valve can most likely receive a 20 percent greater chance to live at least 1 year after treatment, compared to patients receiving medication alone (Gillinov 517). This means many people who were born or diagnosed with a valve problem can most likely be diagnosed with Mitral Valve Prolapse over any other heart valve disease. When a father or a mother has Mitral Valve Prolapse, this creates a very high chance when they have a child, the child will be born having

diagnosed with an irregular sized heart and mitral valve prolapse, which would have to be monitored

Myopia (nearsightedness) is one of the most common symptoms of the disease. Other symptoms occurring in the eyes include dislocated lens, detached retina, risk of early glaucoma and/or cataracts, and, if not treated, can result in vision loss. Symptoms of the cardiovascular system include a stretched or weakened aorta (aortic dilation or aneurysm) due to defective connective tissue and defects in heart valves. An example of a valve defect is mitral valve prolapse in which one or both cusps of the mitral valve swells or collapses into the left upper atrium when the heart contracts. Cardiovascular symptoms can lead to arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, and chest pain. There are also some effects on lungs, albeit not as common as other symptoms, in which the air sacs can become stretched and lead to an increased risk of lung collapse. The nervous system is also affected as dural ectasia, where the dura that covers the spinal fluid stretches and weakens, eventually leading the bones of the spinal column to wear away. Other symptoms are more obvious and affect the skeletal and connective tissue systems. Those with Marfan syndrome commonly have stretch marks and overgrowth of the

A heart murmur are harmless, healthy and don’t need a treatment. During a physical exam, doctors know that every child has a heart murmur and can hear the whooshing sound. There are some things that can be abnormal when it can be very damaged by the heart valve which 1/3 of the populations are born with valve problems. This condition is making the heart go faster than it normally would and it can be forced to have the blood goes faster. The causes are anemia, high blood pressure, thyroid, and a fever. Those causes can make the blood flow a lot faster, which can be dangerous if the problems are by the birth defect of the child. The valves open and close by four chambers, two on top and two on bottom. Stenosis, mitral prolapse, congenital, and

A heart murmur is an abnormal, extra sound during the heartbeat cycle made by blood moving through the heart and its valves. It is detected by the physician's examination using a stethoscope.

Ever since the summer before 8th grade I knew that my calling is to become a Cardiovascular Surgeon. When I discovered my calling in life I carved out a path to where I am now, everything that I have done from that point on has been to improve myself so I am able to attend medical school.

Valvular stenosis is the hardening of the valves in the heart: mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary, and/or aortic. Stenotic valves are either too thick, stiff, or are fused together causing it to not open or close all the way like it normally should. This causes a decrease in blood flow to the next chamber of the heart. If one or more valves become diseased, pooling of blood in a chamber will occur, or the blood will leak

Tricuspid regurgitation is a disorder in which the heart’s tricuspid valve does not close properly, causing blood to flow backward into the atrium when the right ventricle contracts. The most common cause of tricuspid regurgitation is enlargement of the right ventricle [1], caused by left-sided valvular lesions. Mitral valve disease is often accompanied by concomitant tricuspid valve disease. The most common indication for tricuspid valve intervention is tricuspid regurgitation (TR), and the presence of significant TR has been reported to be an important prognostic indicator of outcomes following mitral valve surgery [2]. Surgical treatment of tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) with left-sided valvular disease still remains a challenge for

Having heart problems is a very serious thing, but if it can be fixed it’s not as devastating as it sounds. I was born with the hole in my heart and the Doctor’s didn’t catch it till I was five days old. Doctors told my mom as I get older the hole should grow closed but, it did not. I was seven years old when they told me I had to have open heart surgery. I was very scared but, with the support of my family and friends I knew I would pull through.

A murmur is a series of vibrations of variable duration that is able to hear with a stethoscope at the chest wall during a heart auscultation, that emanates from the heart or great vessels. A systolic murmur is a murmur that begins during or after the first heart sound and ends before or during the second heart sound. Certain clinical features common to all murmurs must be defined in the patient with a systolic murmur. These characteristics are intensity (loudness), frequency (pitch), quality, duration, configuration, primary location (point of maximum intensity), and site(s) of radiation. Localizing their point of maximum intensity may aid greatly in determining their site of evolution. Not all heart murmurs radiate; however, when it occurs,

The ECM is considered to be the main responsible for the durability of heart valve and its principal components are collagens type I and type III, elastin, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and proteoglycans (PGs). Collagen is fundamental for valve´s biomechanical functions, providing stiffness and elasticity; moreover, they have a strong influence on cell adhesion and migration. 5 The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side-chains of proteoglycan molecules tend to form a gel-like ground substance in which other matrix molecules interact to form permanent cross-links and on which other components are deposited. 6

The issue of MV repair in RHD is dealt with as a class IIa recommendation. Mitral valve repair may be considered in patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease when surgical treatment is indicated if a durable and successful repair is likely or when the reliability of long-term anticoagulation management is questionable. Mitral valve surgery may be considered in symptomatic patients with chronic severe primary MR and LVEF less than or equal to 30% (stage D).However, MVR should not be performed for the treatment of isolated severe primary MR limited to less than one half of the posterior leaflet unless mitral valve repair has been attempted and was unsuccessful(class III).