“If we knew what it was that we were doing, it would not be called research, would it?” Albert Einstein
Mixed methods research is fast becoming recognised as a third major research approach or paradigm alongside qualitative and quantitative research. Its philosophy is pragmatic, and in general terms it is an approach which attempts to acknowledge several perspectives, viewpoints and angles. Research methods are a fundamental component of the social sciences which facilitate the understanding of human behaviour. Grinnell (1993, as cited in Kumar, 2005, p.95) defines research as being a “careful, systematic, patient
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For some researchers however, taking such a scientific approach when studying our complex social world was not quite right.
Through the use of another more interpretivist approach researchers aim to understand human actions, not by assuming they are determined by external factors that can be measured, but by assuming that they are moulded through the meanings individuals have of the world (Henn et al., 2006). These interpretations however, are problematic to measure precisely and scientifically, therefore researchers must use more qualitative methods and personal involvement (Henn et al., 2006). There followed what became known as the paradigm wars which had, at its roots, the “paradigm purists who vociferously argued for the superiority of one method over another and the incompatibility of different approaches (Johnson & Onwuegbuzie, 2004, p. 88). Quantitative purists believe that social science should be objective while on the other hand qualitative purists reject positivism and argue for constructivism, idealism and relativism (Johnson & Onwuegbuzie, 2004).
The term ‘quantitative method’ refers largely to the adoption of the natural science experiment as the model for scientific research, its key features being quantitative measurement of the phenomena studied and
Whether research is experimental or developmental, there are no guarantees of perfect study processes or results, since both random and systematic errors are expected. Errors and uncertainties of a study’s outcomes surface almost every time. Faulty, aged or incorrectly calibrated instruments, during an experiment, can lead to important alterations of results. Distracting environments definitely influence the outcome. Finally, the human parameter in the sense of having ability to properly operate instruments and correctly interpret measurements definitely consist another factor of imperfect research (Bell 7-9).
The results of article two used the mixed methods of quantitative and qualitative data. “Mixed methods research is an approach to inquiry that combines or associates both qualitative and quantitative forms. It involves philosophical assumptions, the use of qualitative and quantitative approaches, and the mixing of both approaches in a study. Thus, it is more than simply collecting and analyzing both kinds of data; it also involves the use of both approaches in tandem so that the overall strength of a study is great than either qualitative or quantitative research.” (Creswell, 2007). The authors used their research to answer their research question;
A mixed methodology is generally the process of collecting, examining, and combining both qualitative and quantitative information obtained in a single study or in multiple series of scientific research. The example of research on poor housing facilities in a community can involve the combination of the methods of research I human services field (Cozby et al., 1989). Summary of how scientifically sound research can help support the function of human
Throughout this course I have learned many things about research at an introductory level. Research is a critical part of all of our lives in many ways. God blesses each of us with a degree of common sense and we all learn from observing others even as babies, we learned behaviors and skills by observing our parents. Walking through experiences throughout life teach us a lot we need to know as well but sometimes we have to take a better approach when we need to learn about certain things. Many of us know that what works in some situations or with certain individuals doesn’t always work or is the safest option for another situation. Controlled and precisely organized study allows scientists to compare and examine contrasting methods and concepts, also helps them to discover various approaches and be able to learn from individual’s behaviors and experiences. I will act as the case study throughout this paper in order to observe what I have learned about.
“Research methodology is influenced by the logic of experimental designs derived largely from biological science” (Lee, 1992). For a researcher in the hard sciences to validly study any phenomenon, the researcher must be detached and separate from the phenomenon being studied. Hard scientists believe that if the researcher interferes with the phenomenon in any way the value of the study is reduced or negated. Social “objectivists perceive that their studies can be (and of necessity need be) done independently of what is being observed and that their
quote really helps us to understand how this research could affect us. The process of an
This essay examines the advantages and disadvantages of using a method primarily for gathering research on human subjects that can be examined for later use. It will give a basic outline of the methods of investigation, their uses and their suitability. I will also look at the scientific method as a whole and examine the criticisms of this method using the writings of Hume and Popper.
This study will implement a mixed methods design to include both quantitative and qualitative methods.
The study will use a mixed method approach in data collection and analysis to provide enriched data. Mixed methodology will provide a useful inter-play between qualitative and quantitative approaches and capture the best of both. This study will use an embedded design of mixed methodology (Plano Clark et al. 2008) because the research has different questions that need both quantitative and qualitative data to provide answers. However, the study will be a qualitatively driven mixed methodology wherein the qualitative data will be the core component/approach and the quantitative approach will provide the supplementary data (Qualquan mixed method). Furthermore, as there is little research on this subject area in Canada, using a qualitative strategy will allow for the discovery of unexpected issues and an in - depth exploration of perceptions via Indigenous methods.
Research paradigms are ‘the entire constellation of beliefs, values, techniques, and so on shared by members of a given community’ (Kuhn, 1970, p.175). The three most common paradigms are positivism, constructivism or interpretivism and pragmatism. Each of these can be categorised further by examining their: ontology, epistemology and methodology. Fundamentally, ontology is the nature of reality, epistemology describes the relationship the investigator has with their version of reality, and methodology is the various techniques and tools used to analysis their research.
Quantitative and qualitative research styles will both be used to increase the validity of the study, Parahoo (2006) agrees with this and describes this method as triangulation, incorporating a positivist approach. De Poy and Gitlin (2011) and Bryman (2012) agree with this and express that using a mixed methods approach gives a further comprehensive knowledge of the research method and conjoining the two can complement each other. Furthermore, Larkin et al (2014) state that the intention of mixed methods research is to improve confidence in findings, increase understanding in healthcare and ensure all groups in society are listened to. Moreover, Gelling, L (2014) found that the use of both approaches makes a great
A mixed methods research design is a procedure for collecting, analyzing, and “mixing” both quantitative and qualitative research and methods in a single study to understand a research problem.
The use of mixed methods is currently increasing in social science research since it emphasizes methodological pluralism, and provides a broader and more credible understanding of the research problem than the use of a single method (Tashakkori and Teddlie 2010). However, mixing methods for no good reason other than the sake of it can produce disjointed and unfocussed research, and can severely test the capabilities of researchers. I raise some cautionary issues in this paper by critiquing the methodology in the journal article titled “Researching men: the politics and possibilities of a qualitative mixed-methods approach” published by Meth and McClymont (2011).
A second disadvantage of using interpretivist methods of research is that the results are not representative. Using interpretivist research methods
When both research designs are used together, more information can be gathered. Mixed methodology uses the numerical portion of the quantitative study design in combination with the descriptive aspect of the qualitative study. There are many similarities between these two designs, which make them compatible with each other.