Mixture and Compound Differences

Concept 2.1 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds

5. The two primary types of chemical bonding is ionic and covalent. Ionic bonding is when atoms give

In the lab titled “Mixed Substances,” our objective was to see how properties of individual substances compare with properties of mixed substances. A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are mixed physically but not chemically. For example, trail mix would be a mixture due to the dissimilar parts combined physically. There are two types of mixtures, homogeneous and heterogeneous. Homogeneous mixtures are uniform in structure or composition.

Typically an ionic bond occurs between one metal and one non-metal ion. One atom borrows one or more electrons from another atom. An ionic bond is a type of chemical bond that occurs when one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion, which then result in attraction.

What is matter? Matter is the substance of which any physical object is composed of. Matter takes up space and has mass. Matter can actually undergo lots of changes either chemically or physically. During chemical changes, matter’s chemical composition changes. Bonds between atoms are broken and created to form new molecules! For an example, a rusting iron nail. When a iron nail is exposed to oxygen it transforms into rust, this ability to react is the chemical property/change. During physical changes, matter’s composition does not change. Something in the matter might seem or look different, but the atoms are still link up the same.

A mixture, unlike a compound, can be separated by physical means. There are multiple ways in which a mixture can be separated; furthermore, the ways it can be separated is based on what the mixture is made up of.

1. An Element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions, while a compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio.

In chemistry, there are two main types of chemical bonding. One being covalent

A pure substance is an element or compound with a constant composition, such as salt. Its components stay in a fixed ratio to each other, and they can only be separated by relatively difficult chemical means. A mixture is a physical combination of pure substances. Their compositions vary and it is easy to physically separate them. Mixtures can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous.

In ionic bonding one atom transfers electrons to another, creating ions with differing electrical charge.

Before the atoms are bonded, the single, non-bonded pairs of electrons are called lone pairs of electrons. When the atoms combine by means of covalent bonding they form molecules. Simple covalent compounds consist of many small molecules. The covalent bonds within the molecules are strong but the bondings between them to form the compounds are relatively weak, the force that occurs between them is called the intermolecular force.

For the following molecules determine which atoms are bonded (write the symbols with a bond between them), the electronegativity difference between them, and the type of chemical bond it represents. If the bond is ionic, state what ions are produced. If the bond is polar covalent, indicate the direction of the dipole on the symbols from the first part.

There are three types of bonds ionic,polar, and nonpolar.Ionic bonds is between metals and nonmetals where the electrons are transferred.Polar bonds are between two nonmetals and they do not share electrons equally.Nonpolar two nonmetals share electrons equally. For example of NaCl is a ionic covalent.Na is 0.9 and Cl is 3.0. Subtract 3.0 and 0.9 and the difference is 2.1 for it to Ionic it has to be greater than 1.9.Also ionic is a nonmetal and a metal.CO2 is an example of 0% of ionic. C and O are both nonmetals. Oxygen is 3.5 and Phosphorus is 2.1. This is polar because 3.5- 2.1 is 1.4 . This is an example of intermediate degree. Another way to determine if a compound is polar, ionic or nonpolar is to test the melting point ,solubility in water, and conductivity.The purpose of this lab Bonding

Ions are atoms with either a positive or negative charge. When atoms are neutral, the number of protons and electrons are equal. In an ion, the protons and electrons are not equal. Protons have a positive charge and electrons have a negative charge. So, if the protons and electrons in an atom are not equal, then the atom will have either an overall positive or negative charge. An isotope is a form of a chemical element where the atomic nucleus contains an exact number of neutrons. Also, the number of protons define the element. The nuclei of most atoms contain neutrons and protons. Each chemical element has more than one isotope. One of the isotopes is abundantly in nature where as any of the others are not. The isotope of an element is defined by the nucleon number. That number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The nucleon number is written as a superscript preceding the chemical symbol for that element. So, an ion may consist of a single atom and is called an atomic or monatomic ion. It can consist of a lot of atoms that is molecular or polyatomic ion. Ions are normally found in nature. Ions can be a solid, a liquid, or a gas. Lightening would be an example of having ions in the gas

Freezing is when a liquid turns into a solid. Melting is when a solid goes to a liquid. Evaporation is when liquid turns to gas. Sublimation is when a solid turns to a gas. Lastly, deposition is when a gas turns into a solid. A third way to classify matter is to tell if it is a pure substance or if it is a mixture. A pure substance has two types, whether it is an element or a compound. An element is just one single atom while a compound is two or more atoms, that create a molecule and are the same, bonded. A mixture is a mix of atoms and/or molecules, and/or pure substances. So for example, let's say you have oranges and apples in a bowl, that is considered a mix because they are not physically bonded together and they are not the same. This goes the same for a mixture, but on a molecular level. Mixtures are also determined if they are homogeneous or