Mmupv1 Model

The HPV virus has gone unseen by many until the recent controversy over the vaccine. However, this virus is thought to be one of the world’s most wide spread STD’s. “According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 6.2 million women and men are newly infected every year” with HPV. HPV has over 100 strains, with more than thirty that are sexually transmitted. Some of these strains are known to cause cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, or penis cancers and others can cause genital warts. “Studies have found the vaccine to be almost 100% effective in preventing diseases caused by the four HPV types covered by the vaccine—including precancers of the cervix, vulva and vagina, and genital warts” (“HPV Questions and

Almost all cervical carcinomas are caused by Human papillomavirus (HPV). Cervical cancer can be a life-threating disease. However, over recent years the occurrence of cervical cancer has declined as well as the chance of dying from it. A huge contributing factor to this decline is the importance of a regular pap smear. A pap smear can find cervical pre-cancer before it turns into cancer. Recently, a vaccine for HPV, has been on the market, which provides close to a 100% protection against pre-cancer and general warts. HPV and cervical cancer are two disease that are closely related. However, each disease effects not only similar populations, but also different populations, as well as having its own signs and symptoms, detection procedures,

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of more than 40 types of viruses that infect the genital areas, throats (recurrent respiratory papillomatosis), and mouths of males and females and is the number one most common sexually transmitted disease (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2009). It is spread by genital contact. It is most easily spread by vaginal and anal sex, but also through oral sex and even just genital-to-genital (skin-to-skin). In 90% of people that contract HPV, their own immune system

By limiting the number of sexual partners one has, getting vaccinated, and using condoms, one can significantly reduce his or chances of contracting a high risk HPV that can cause a cancer(1). A study in Australia has proved the effectiveness of the vaccine. Nathan Seppa in his article, “HPV vaccination proves its worth in Australia” states that, "Those who received all three shots were 54 percent as likely as unvaccinated women to have precancerous cervical growth and two-thirds as likely to have other abnormal cervical cell growth”(2). This demonstrates that there are steps people can take to prevent contracting HPV and in turn prevent cancers associated with certain HPVs.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a double -stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus that only infects humans with an attraction to both cutaneous and mucosal surfaces such as the cervix, anus, tonsil, and oropharynx (Clark, 2013). HPV is a type of oncogenic virus that goes into the cells and can cause several diseases. Over the years, research has surfaced connecting genital HPV to several types of cancer. There are over a hundred strains of HPV but the most high risk strains, 16 and 18, have been shown to cause vulvar, vaginal, anal, and the most concerning, cervical cancer (Chan, Ng, & Wong, 2012). Genital HPV

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) accounts for the third most prevalent cancer in females worldwide,15 as it is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI).2 There are more than 100 subtypes of HPV; 16 of those subtypes are known to be high-risk.15 HPV is a crucial precursor to cervical cancer in 99.8% of those affected,2 with subtypes 16 and 18 being the most common types.15

HPV Virus is responsible for more than 70% of vulvar and vaginal cancers and 90% of cervical and anal cancers.Statistics reveal 33,200 HPV related cancers are reported in the United States each year(CDC,2014). There is no treatment for HPV virus infections as the natural immunity will clear the virus from the body over time. However there are ways to prevent the infection by preventive measures like condoms and vaccines to prevent cervical cancer in high risk individuals. There are two HPV vaccines mainly Gardasil and Cervarix which provide protection against HPV infection. HPV vaccines are recommended for boys and girls in the ages of 11 to 12 years as well as for

Our laboratory has developed the mucosal MmuPV1 infection mouse model recently and noninvasive methods to track the infection from oral and anogenital canals longitudinally [14]. Our long term goal is to use this model to explore many unanswered questions regarding viral-host interaction during papillomavirus infection. Innate immunity, a critical part of host defense system, is not only the first line of defense against pathogens, but is also critical for stimulating adaptive immune responses in viral infection [15-22]. Other host defense factors including interferons, Toll-like receptors, cytokines and defensins all play an important role in papillomavirus persistence and progression [23-31]. However, some findings in human studies are inconsistent

HPV Virus is responsible for more than 70% of vulvar and vaginal cancers and 90% of cervical and anal cancers.Statistics reveal 33,200 HPV related cancers are reported in the United States each year(CDC,2014). There is no treatment for HPV virus infections as the natural immunity will clear the virus from the body over time. However there are ways to prevent the infection by preventive measures like condoms and vaccines to prevent cervical cancer in high risk individuals. There are two HPV vaccines mainly Gardasil and Cervarix which provide protection against HPV infection. HPV vaccines are recommended for boys and girls in the ages of 11 to 12 years as well as for teen boys and individuals with compromised immunity(CDC,2014). Catch up vaccines are recommended for men and women if

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a communicable, sexually transmitted disease with high prevalence rates in the general population (CDC, HPV, 2015). Although many people who contract this disease will never develop clinical symptoms, HPV may cause cancer many years later (CDC HPV, 2015). For example, one in every 142 women will develop cervical cancer due to HPV in her lifetime (CDC HPV, 2015). HPV vaccines have been developed and administered in recent years for the prevention of HPV and cervical cancer, but it must be given prior to HPV exposure (CDC HPV, 2015). The HPV vaccine is greater than 90% effective in eradication of the HPV strains that cause cancer (CDC, HPV, 2015). HPV has unique public health implications since it is rare that vaccines can prevent future cancers.

Did you know there is more of a link between cervical cancer and HPV than smoking and lung cancer? Cervical cancer is currently the fourth most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of death from cancer in women. Along with those statistics, human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted viral disease amongst men and women worldwide. The prevalence of women having a strain of HPV that ultimately leads to or increases the chance of cervical cancer is highly relatable. What is pathophysiology, signs, symptoms, prevention, and treatments of this ailment? You might ask will be covered in the next few pages of this paper.

The human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease, with a worldwide point prevalence of 11.7%., in the United States over 79 million people are already infected with HPV, and over 14 million new HPV infections occur each year CITE 1,2,5. HPV affecting both men and women, has an estimated lifetime prevalence of 80-90%, it is likely that most sexually active people will become infected with HPV before the age of 45 CITE 1, 3. Although over 100 HPV genotypes have been identified, only 40 infect the genital area. These 40 are further subdivided into high risk oncogenic genotypes, and low risk the genotypes responsible for genital warts and recurrent papillomatosis CITE 8,3. HPV is associated with virtually all cervical cancers, and over 90% of anal cancers CITE 1. The cost of preventing and treating HPV and its associated diseases is estimated at eight billion dollars annually

In the United States, cervical cancer is known as one of the most common cancers amongst females and it is estimated that 1/3 of the females diagnosed will die (Parkin, Bray, Ferlay, & Pisani, 2005). HPV 16 is the most common detected virus in cervical cancer patients, but there are 14 HPV types that are considered high-risk (Parkin, Bray, Ferlay, & Pisani, 2005). HPV is related to cervical cancer as the virus changes the cells of the cervix and causes cervical dysplasia, which untreated, leads to cancer (Dizon & Krychman, 2010). Examining the problem from a global perspective, Biological Study on Cervical Cancer (IBSCC) study group, concluded that “HPV DNA was detected in 93% of the tumors and … HPV 16 was present in 50% of the specimens…” (Bosch, Manos, Muñoz, Sherman, Jansen, Peto & Shan, 1995). This group collected samples of 1000 patients whom were diagnosed with stage 3 cervical cancer from 32 hospitals in 22 countries (Bosch, Manos, Muñoz, Sherman, Jansen, Peto & Shan, 1995). As, represented earlier with current statistics, it’s evident that more people are diagnosed each year with cervical cancer that have HPV present

The Human Papilloma Virus, in short terms known as HPV, is a sexually transmitted infection that can potentially lead to cervical cancer and genital warts. All cases of HPV do not cause cervical cancer, only certain strains. Yet, the rising number of deaths from cervical cancer actually caused by HPV has undeniably caught the attention of the public. In response to the cervical cancer death rate, pharmaceutical companies have developed an HPV vaccine. The vaccine was considered a major medicinal breakthrough for some, but raised a number of concerns for others. Although the safety along with the effectiveness of the vaccine has been proven, it continues to originate controversy as both advocates and opponents assess their views of whether

Human papillomavirus, commonly abbreviated as HPV, is the most common sexually transmitted virus that can cause a variety of diseases. It is transferred from person to person by either genital contact or from oral contact. Most men and women who are sexually active will be infected with this virus at least once in their life (“HPV”). A reason why HPV has become such a big problem in society is because of the fact that it is a virus, and thus cannot be treated with antibiotics. For other viral infections, it is possible to wait for the body’s immune system to rid the body of the foreign invader, but HPV is a virus that can cause more serious health problems such as genital warts, cancers of the mouth, anus, or vagina, as well as the cervix. Another reason why this problem exists in society may be due to more relaxed standards regarding sexual activity. In today’s society, people are more likely to have more than one sexual partner, making it easier for the virus to spread within the population. People are also becoming sexually active at younger ages before they receive education about safe sex at school or at home, which is also a factor in the spread of HPV in the population. Most people do not exhibit negative symptoms from the virus; indeed, some of them may not even know they have contracted it, for the body can clear out the virus on its own ninety percent of the time (“What is HPV?” 2013). HPV