Mobile Ad Hoc Network Research Paper

Wireless attacks have becoming a more common security issue when it comes to networks. Attacks can get a lot of information that is being sent across a network and use to commit crimes in other networks. Every wireless network is vulnerable to attacks and it is the important that all the necessary security measures are taken so as to prevent the mess these attacks can cause. These attacks are normally carried out to target information that is being shared through the networks. It is therefore very important to know of such attacks so you will be able to identify the attack when it happens.

We first describe the characteristics of an traffic analysis attacker (with respect to wireless networks) before elaborating on the types of traffic analysis techniques that the attacker can use to compromise privacy.

With the increasing dependency on wireless networks, the need for proper reliability analysis for Mobile ad hoc networks (Manets) is also increasing. Failure of Manets in areas like warfare, nuclear reactors, medical equipment and airplanes can lead to catastrophe. Unlike traditional networks, measuring the reliability of Manets is a tedious task as it involves dynamically changing topology. The existing methods for calculating reliability use two terminal analysis as the basis for calculation. It uses the same method used for traditional computer networks to calculate reliability. However, the method is not very efficient when it comes to the wireless networks as they are far different from traditional networks. It is also a time consuming task to identify all the nodes and links in a wireless network as nodes move freely in the network. In This paper, We are going to discuss about NLN(Node-Link-Node) technique which reduces the complexity of analyzing the reliability in Manets.

The Ad-hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes which can communicate without each other with the help of wireless. There is no former communication infrastructure in MANETs [1]. There is no fixed infrastructure and centralized control in MANETs therefore nodes can communicate the network at any time. All nodes are supposed to be equal in processing power. All node can act either as a host or as a router to direct the packet from source to destination in the network. All nodes acts as routers and are capable of discovering and maintaining routes to propagate packets to the destinations.[2] There are lots of advantages promised of network in terms of cost and flexibility compared to network with infrastructures. Ad-hoc network are used for a great variety of applications such as data

Issue Overview Wireless devices, like all technological devices that provide external type access to networks, have special security challenges. Mobile devices and wireless networks rely on a rather broad spectrum of technologies. If one relies on industry standard protocols like TCP/IP, HTTP, SMTP and TAP there are numerous options for enhanced network security. Attacks or vulnerabilities are often based on the operating system of the device or platform being used. Information can "leak" to other networks, Malware can compromise the network, move across platforms, and of course, in some cases, individuals can try to hack in and compromise data (Becher, et.al., 2011).

In MANET [6], every single systems administration capacity, for example, routing and packet forwarding, are performed by hubs themselves in a self-arranging way. Hence, securing a MANET is exceptionally difficult. The objectives to attack if portable specially appointed system is secure or not are as per the following:

Abstract— In wireless communication, spectrum resources are utilized by authorities in particular fields. Most of the elements in spectrum are idle. Cognitive radio is a promising technique for allocating the idle spectrum into unlicensed users. Security shortage is a major challenging issue in cognitive radio ad-hoc networks (CRAHNs) that makes performance degradation on spectrum sensing and sharing. A selfish user pre-occupies the accessible bandwidth for their prospect usage and prohibits the progress secondary users whose makes the requirement for spectrum utility. Game theoretic model is proposed to detect the selfish attacker in CRAHNs. Channel state information (CSI) is considered to inform each user’s channel handing information. The two strategy of Nash Equilibrium game model such as pure and mixed strategy for secondary users (SUs) and selfish secondary users (SSUs) are investigated and the selfish attacker is detected. Moreover a novel belief updating system is also proposed to the secondary users for knowing the CSI of the primary user. A simulation result shows that, game theoretic model is achieved to increase the detection rate of selfish attackers.

The expanded probability of listening in, caricaturing, and denial‐of‐service assaults ought to be deliberately considered. Existing connection security procedures are frequently connected inside of remote systems to decrease security dangers. As an advantage, the decentralized way of system control in MANETs gives extra vigor against the single purposes of disappointment of more incorporated methodology

In [11], Tamilselvan et al. proposed a solution for preventing blackhole attacks in MANETs based on AODV protocol. In their solution, the source node waits till other replies with the next hop details. When the source node receives the RREP packets, it records the sequence number along with the time the packet arrived in a collect route reply table (CRRT). After recording the route replies in the CRRT, it calculates the timeout value for each RREP based on the time first RREP arrived, then it checks the CRRT for any repeated next hop nodes. The path with the repeated next hop node is considered to be safe. If there is no repeated next hope node in the CRRT, the algorithm chooses a random path from the CRRT. The main drawback of this solution is that if there are no repeated next hop nodes in the CRRT, therefore the algorithm increases the risk of blackhole attack by choosing a random path.

Information Disclosure. It is essential to protect any condential information exchange during the communica-tion process. Also any unauthorized access too the critical data stored on nodes must bepossible. In ad hoc networks, such information may contain anything, e.g., the specific status details of a node, the location of nodes, private keys or secret keys, passwords, and so on. The control data are more critical for security than the trac data. Forinstance, the routing directives in packet headers such as the identity or location of thenodes can be more valuable than the application-level messages.Confidential or importantinformation may be leaked to unauthorized nodes present in the network by compromised node. Such information may contain information regarding geographic location of nodesor optimal routes to authorized nodes in the network,the network topology.Routing AttacksThere are several attacks which can be mounted on the routing protocols and mayinterrupt the proper operation of the network. Brief descriptions of such attacks aregiven below:1. Routing Table Over

Mobile Ad hoc Network”, discussed about a reputation system that relies on neighbors to monitor and identify misbehaving nodes.

Ad hoc networks consist of a set of self-organized of mobile nodes which cooperate using a routing protocol to facilitate the communication. They have become very popular in recent years due to their characteristics: easy deployment, lack of infrastructure, dynamic topology, mobility and minimum commissioning costs.

Abstract— Mobile ad hoc networks will appear in environments where the nodes of the networks are absent and have little or no physical protection against tampering. The nodes of mobile ad hoc networks are thus susceptible to compromise. The networks are particularly vulnerable to denial of service (DOS) attacks launched through compromised nodes or intruders. This work proposed a new DOS attack and its defense in ad hoc networks. The new DOS attack, called Ad Hoc Flooding Attack(AHFA), can result in denial of service when used against on-demand routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks, such as AODV, DSR.

TEODOR-GRIGORE LUPU presented the different types of attacks in wireless sensor networks. Attacks on the different layers are categorized. The security attacks and the threats can be categorized based on the mechanisms used in those attacks [4]. Traffic analysis is the process of analyzing the messages in order to identify the data from patterns in the connection. Data from an authentic person who is entering into a network can be fabricated by an attacker and it can be replayed the next day. Compromised nodes within a network can cause the internal attack and it is hard to identify those compromised nodes in the network. Thinking like an attacker is a better choice for creating the intrusion detection system.

Mobile ad hoc network is dynamic network topology without any central network for control. All the nodes in the network participate in networking functions like routing and packet forwarding as per the requirement. Nodes which  are in direct contact with each other communicate with single hop and those which are not in range takes multiple hops through intermediate nodes to reach destination