Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ( Lan )

3. What is an ad hoc network? In this network, the wireless clients (stations) communicate directly with each

Local Area Network or LAN for short is the term used for computer networks located at a single location such as a small business located at a singular location. They are generally used for businesses, organisations and the likes to transfer data amongst their systems as opposed to transferring data to outside of their location. A LAN typically will rely on wired connections due to the benefits of increased security and speed, but a network called a WLAN exists, which is a Wireless Local Area Network and this may prove useful for those who come to work using mobile devices such as laptops, phones, etc. WLANs are simply local area networks that consist solely of wireless connections using a wireless access point (WAP) as the central hub. However, LANs can be a mix of both wireless and wired.Typically in a LAN, systems connected to the network are able to share resources among each other, send data to servers and use peripherals such as printers, scanners &

The network which connecting the devices to a larger area like small towns covering area up to 50 km called metropolitan area networks. These networks are high speed networks that interconnect businesses with other businesses and the internet.

A wireless network is any type of computer network that uses wireless data connections for connecting network nodes .Wireless networking is a method by which homes, telecommunications networks and enterprise (business).Installations avoid the costly process of introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations. Wireless telecommunications networks are generally implemented and administered using radio communication. This implementation takes place at the physical level (layer) of the OSI model  network structure.

Internet: Global network of networks using universal standards to connect millions of different networks (Kenneth C Laudon and Jane P Laudon., 2010).

Wireless communication is the transfer of data between two or more points that are not connected by an electrical conductor. In addition, wireless communications networks are less expensive to install and preserve than equivalent wired systems. Wireless communication has become possible due to the discovery of radio waves. With the first breakthrough of the radio signal within the 19th century, along with founders Nikola Tesla and Guglielmo Marconi, evolution of the wireless technology has improved to the point of being unrecognizable (Makkai ,2006, p.1). According to Rappaport (2002 ,p.1) , with the Guglielmo Marconi’s invention of the long-distance communication with ships at sea, has the power of instant communication emerged. Nowadays, many people use the internet service on a cellphone to keep the contact with people around the world, and for other purposes such as: researching, learning and exploring (Makkai ,2006, p.1).

The recent century and its technology spike had allow all nations to become a single city through interconnection, almost all computer are connected through the mean of Internet either via direct wire or through wireless and covering enormous distance across the globe.

In the earlier days, some activities related to distant such as transactions, message delivery and so many operations were slow to carry out and used a lot of time and energy. Nowadays, these jobs can be performed anytime and anywhere if people can go online, thanks to Internet innovation. Thus, many social organizations have been created, formed and funded in order to invest in developing Internet technology which is currently enhancing worldwide communities at a very high rate. The history of Internet innovation began from 1950s after the computers were invented. According to the New Media Institute record, “the first known fully operational packet-switching network, the ARPANET was designed to facilitate communication between ARPA computer terminals during the early 1960s.” This led to the usage of protocols for Internet system where a network was formed by many different other networks. By the end of the nineteenth century, Internet began to be provided for commercial access, and has created desired effect in society, and also has risen the trend of immediate communication such as through instant messaging, e-mail, and two-way interactive video conference. Until the beginning of the twentieth century when the rise of the Internet usage reached its peak,

Abstract- The Advancement in various wireless Network ,Enables Mobile Subcriber to enjoy internet anytime anywhere ,but ensuring security and efficiency of this process is challenging, because different networks have different security policies and authentication protocols.. Wireless technologies such as the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), and the Third-Generation (3G) mobile communications system complement each other to support a variety of services suited for the home, urban, and global environments. In Wireless roaming network, user privacy preservation has become an important and challenging issue in the wireless network, and has been widely studied by researchers.

Authors in [41], assessed performance of Peer-to-peer structured and unstructured content discovery techniques over MANETs. Moreover, authors

Now-a-days, communication had become a major role within the people. Communication is done by a medium with sender and receiver. In internet the way of communication takes place by medium of wired and wireless. There is a rapid growth in both wired and wireless infrastructures. It makes use of the customers for the internet connection in many possible ways .In most of the places wireless internet has been used. Most of the wireless spontaneous network is not secure because it is not a planned network and network boundaries are defined poor, due to the lack of centralized server in the network. Usually wireless networks perform both communication and measurement in a given network.

     A wireless local area network (LAN) is a flexible data communications system implemented as an extension to, or as an alternative for, a wired LAN. It uses radio frequency (RF) technology, to transmit and receive data over the air, minimizing the need for wired connections. A wireless LAN system can combine data connectivity with user mobility.

The Latest advances in Wireless Communications have extended conceivable applications from straightforward voice services in early cell systems to new incorporated information applications. These days, numerous up to date cellular telephones are likewise incorporated with functionalities including FM radio, advanced camera, and MP3 player. Hence, the services upheld by mobile communications have extended from basic voice to sight and sound, for example, video conferencing and portable gaming. These new services require a higher service quality and also more prominent information rate. Moreover, with mobile access to the Internet, the expanding development in information movement will further drive the requirement for higher data transmission. Current foundations that bolster mostly voice activity are confronting an incredible test in meeting both the transmission capacity and quality of service requests of future mobile communication clients. For mobile communication, one concept with successful improvement is customary single-hop cell frameworks where a mobile station (MS) speaks specifically with a base station (BS) [1]. Another idea of mobile communication is multi hop ad hoc systems, which are infrastructure less, self-sorting out and quickly deployable with no site arranging, dissimilar to traditional cell systems.

Wide Area Networks constitute the next stage of MANs; interconnections between computer networks have no geographical limit and can extend to cities, prefectures, countries and the whole world. Through the usage of a wide

|1999 |Wireless Application Protocol came into existence and 130 countries operational with 260 million subscribers |