Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ( Manets )

With the increasing dependency on wireless networks, the need for proper reliability analysis for Mobile ad hoc networks (Manets) is also increasing. Failure of Manets in areas like warfare, nuclear reactors, medical equipment and airplanes can lead to catastrophe. Unlike traditional networks, measuring the reliability of Manets is a tedious task as it involves dynamically changing topology. The existing methods for calculating reliability use two terminal analysis as the basis for calculation. It uses the same method used for traditional computer networks to calculate reliability. However, the method is not very efficient when it comes to the wireless networks as they are far different from traditional networks. It is also a time consuming task to identify all the nodes and links in a wireless network as nodes move freely in the network. In This paper, We are going to discuss about NLN(Node-Link-Node) technique which reduces the complexity of analyzing the reliability in Manets.

MANETs (Mobile ad-hoc network) is defined as autonomous collection of wireless mobile nodes that are self-configure to construct a network that can communicate over relatively bandwidth constrained wireless links.

The expanded probability of listening in, caricaturing, and denial‐of‐service assaults ought to be deliberately considered. Existing connection security procedures are frequently connected inside of remote systems to decrease security dangers. As an advantage, the decentralized way of system control in MANETs gives extra vigor against the single purposes of disappointment of more incorporated methodology

[3] focuses on grey hole attack. Grey hole attack affects the routing services provided by the network. Adhoc-on-demand (AODV) protocol is used for routing of data packets. This paper discusses about the security issues and also the layered architecture of Manet. This paper also gives the various applications of Manet. It also briefs the various work done in the area of adhoc network.

Mobile Ad hoc Network”, discussed about a reputation system that relies on neighbors to monitor and identify misbehaving nodes.

MANETs are a kind of wireless ad hoc network (WANET) that usually has a routable networking environment on top of a Link Layer ad hoc network. Advantage in MANETs is consisting of a peer-to-peer, self-forming, self-healing network. Key agreement protocols are one of the fundamental primitives of cryptography, and allow users to establish session keys securely in the presence of an active adversary. For this we use verifiable secret sharing (VSS) and bilinear concepts in our project. In cryptography, a secret sharing scheme is verifiable when the nodes are allowed to verify their shares as consistent. A VSS has three phases: a Distribution phase, Verification phase and Reconstruction phase. We implement the verification property of VSS in verifying shares. This property is additionally ensured with the help of commitments in secret sharing schemes like Shamir‘s secret sharing. We proceed by having knowledge on adhoc on demand routing protocol (AODV), Destination Sequence distance vector (DSDV) protocols and using them in ns-2. In this project nodes verify shares through commitments when the source sends shares of secret key to destination on multiple ways and the destination reconstructs it by collecting all individual shares. After keys sharing, the encrypted packets are send from source to destination at a specified time during runtime.

Abstract— Now a days due to rapid improvements in the wireless and Ad-hoc Network Domain, the development of a special category of wireless ad hoc networks called Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). MANET Communication Security is currently great challenge in presence of different attacks such as DoS, Black Hole attacks, Wormhole Attacks, Sybil Attacks, Timing attacks, etc. In the presence of malicious nodes, preventing or detecting malicious nodes initiation of Gray hole or collaborative black hole attack is a major challenge. This paper introduces a new routing mechanism for MANET communication by using proactive & reactive defense scheme known as Hybrid Defending against Collaborative Black hole Attacks & Gray Hole Attacks. Proposed Scheme is known as CBDS (Co-Operative Bait Detection Scheme) which is based on DSR Based Routing Protocol for Mitigating against Variants of Collaborative Attacks. CBDS is already proposed for MANET but in this paper MANET provides smooth, efficient & secure routing in MANET by using Reverse Tracing Technique. Proposed scheme is more secure and efficient than existing malicious node detection mechanisms..

Wireless Ad hoc Network are important emerging technology that is low cost, most effective. Although a large amount of research has been done on mobile Ad hoc Network technology, yet truly understanding these networks has been low and the implementation of these networks is very less. This is because in some areas it is difficult to implement wireless networks as it is an expensive process and implementing new algorithm and new protocols is difficult replacing all the protocols that are currently used. Although the important fact is that these networks are not used to its full capacity. Large amount of research is going on the Ad hoc networks and exploit these networks in far more better way. Ad hoc network technology has many future applications. It can be used widely used for military application, can be used for UAV's , for detecting of the chemicals and materials underground.

Wireless networks should be protected to safeguard sensitive information. Several practices can be implemented to protect wireless networks.

Abstract—This Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANETs) consists of of a set of nodes linked by wi-fi hyperlinks. Trust-based redirecting has much attention as an efficient way to enhance protection of Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The Network is ad hoc because it does not depend on pre-existing facilities, such as wi-fi routers in wired networks. Routing in MANETs is a challenging process due to powerful topology and mistake vulnerable shared atmosphere. Data is sent between nodes in a MANET by browsing through advanced nodes, which must make choices about where and how to path the information. MANETs encounters several problems because of node flexibility, Jamming, network size, and the chance of node mistakes. The efficiency and behavior of a MANET relies on how well information can be approved around and provided. In the present world the protection weaknesses are improving day by day. It is really

Mobile ad hoc network (MANTE) is a group of wireless mobile computers (nodes) in where they help each other to forward packets when out of range of direct wireless transmission. When out of range could mean constantly moving, no base station infrastructure or infrastructure destroyed. Ad hoc networks can effortlessly and inexpensively be established. Ad hoc network can be easily set up due to the fact it doesn’t require a centralized administrator and doesn’t require a fixed network infrastructure (base station/ access point). With the creation of Ad hoc networks came the problem of secure routing protocols for this type of network.

Abstract— Mobile ad hoc networks will appear in environments where the nodes of the networks are absent and have little or no physical protection against tampering. The nodes of mobile ad hoc networks are thus susceptible to compromise. The networks are particularly vulnerable to denial of service (DOS) attacks launched through compromised nodes or intruders. This work proposed a new DOS attack and its defense in ad hoc networks. The new DOS attack, called Ad Hoc Flooding Attack(AHFA), can result in denial of service when used against on-demand routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks, such as AODV, DSR.

Mobile ad hoc network is decentralized form of network. The network is ad hoc because it does not rely on a preexisting infrastructure, such as routers in wired networks or access points in managed (infrastructure) wireless networks. Instead, each node participates in

Technology advancement is growing very rapidly one example we can see surrounding us is wireless networks and its related very complex applications such as sensor database network, robotics military and so on. At the starting point following paper represents about the mobile ad hoc network and related basic history. After that research paper explores the problems related with the current technology and major drawbacks. Later paper shows the need of the leader election algorithm and its implementation. At the end it

Connectivity and topology control: Some approaches tried to improve the system reliability by carefully designing the connectivity or topology of wireless networks. Paper [50] addresses the problem of fault tolerant deployment of wireless ad-hoc networks. Based on the pre-assumed transmission range, the authors propose a scheme to calculate the probability that a given network is k-connected. Based on the intensive deployment, the redundant sensor nodes are used to cope the random working nodes failure. Following the similar idea, a distributed algorithm is proposed in [52]. By deploying calculated necessary number of extra nodes in the given network, the objective of fault-tolerant topology control can be achieved. However, due to the limited space and cost constraint, adding redundant nodes to a deployed WSN may not always be an acceptable solution. Another fault-tolerant topology control algorithm is presented by Li and Hou in [53], in which a spanning subgraph is computed by each node. If a pair of vertices is not k-connected, an extra edge will be added between these two vertices. The authors further prove that the resultant global network is k-connected. In [54], by considering the mobility of nodes, the author shows the mobility resilient topology control protocols. The author classifies the topology control protocols into two types. 1) In this case, the topology is built and maintained by each node based on its own knowledge about its neighbors. According to its own