Model Evolution Lab

The purpose of this experiment was to determine if cats have a color preference. I wanted to do this experiment because I took an interest in my cat’s vision. My hypothesis was that my cat would prefer the color blue. I used 5 different colored balls of yarn. They were placed in the same spots and sequence each time. I conducted this experiment for a total of four-weeks. I set my cat up behind a line of painter’s tape and let her approach a yarn ball and play with it. I recorded how many times she approached each color. At the end of the experiment I discovered that my hypothesis was not supported. My cat chose to play with the yarn colored black rather than

The hypothesis that was tested was pill bugs are use to the cooler temperature of the room and natural soil would travel a greater distance once they were in a hotter environment. The hypothesis is rejected on the basis that the p-value of .760 is greater than .05. Furthermore, figure 3 supports this rejection, since the averages are very close to each other and their error bars completely overlap. This rejection means that once the pill bugs where in the hotter environment there was not difference in their behavior compared to the cooler room temperature environment; they did not travel longer distances. However looking at bugs D, F G and H in figure 2, there is a difference in distance traveled that appears to be greater than

Keeping the experiment isolated on the focus of body size is as simple as not changing any other variables concerning the experiment. Therefore, predator number, predator size, habitat type, and any other possible variable in the experiment that is not body size will be kept as consistent and identical throughout the groups and replicable tests as

After the experiment had been conducted, the investigator concluded that the original hypothesis did not fit the outcome of the testing of the Beetle Robot. While it was hypothesized that the device would move and react in the same

(1963) bobo doll studies has been discussed to demonstrate that experiments that lack ecological validity still have influential results. Nevertheless, even though the experiment was controlled, and results were valid it is absent of telling whether the children would go on to demonstrate the behaviour in the real world. Subsequently, Skinners (1979) experiments were deliberated to show that ecological validity was deficient, however, the outcome of observing animals learning behaviour in their natural habitat would not have been controlled enough to discover if animals can learn behaviour. Finally, Loftus and Palmer (1974) experiments were considered to show that ecological validity can still be maintained under control conditions but this can affect how participants answer the question. Nevertheless, this is so that ethical issues are not

The purpose of this lab is to better understand the process of natural selection and its effects on a population by conducting a stimulation. The stimulation consist of predators (students with either a spoon, fork or a knife) and prey (different types of beans). Furthermore, students will be able to determine how phenotype (bean color and utensil used by the predators) influences natural selection. Students will also demonstrate their quantitative skills by determining the predator survival and reproduction, bean survival and reproduction, and by calculating the total percent of the population. Additionally, students will be able to identify the occurrence of evolution by natural selection after the end of generation three. Moreover, students

The Evolution Lab simulates environmental situations to determine effects on evolution over periods of time. This lab experiments with the evolution of finches on two different islands over 100, 200, and 300 years. By manipulating parameters that influence natural selection, the effects that natural selection have on the evolution process can be studied.

The overall goal of the experiment was to determine what caused allele frequencies to change in D. melanogaster over the course of several generations. Was it a result of a biological factor such as genetic drift or natural selection or did the changes result because of chance? To answer this question we must compare the data to the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis was there is not a difference in the data that would be expected to happen by chance. Therefore, there are no forces causing changes in allele frequencies. For the small population, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and cannot support a significant difference between the allele frequencies. With the null hypothesis being rejected, there is speculation that the changes were caused by chance or a variety of different biological terms. As a result, a variety of different hypothesis could be formulated. Was the population size to small so natural selection or genetic drift did not have a chance to work because the genetic variation was limited? Did the genetic variation result completely out of chance, resulting in not having a correlation at all to genetic drift or natural selection? This allows scientists to form new experiments that could lead to a better understanding of the small population. An example would be to continue this similar experiment but to increase the size of the small population from a total of 8 flies to a total of 60 flies. This would allow the population to actually show if genetic

A Chi-square test was used for hypothesis testing. This is used to determine that the observed number of wins of the resident from the trials is different from what would be observed by chance. The null hypothesis was observed wins will be equal to that expected by chance. On the other hand, the alternative hypothesis was observed wins will not be equal to that expected by chance. The class’ hypothesis was proven correct that resident male crickets have a greater motivation to defend

That is why people encourage scientists to analyze their entire experiment before they go through with it. Scientists should also be able to justify the use of a number of animals in a specific experiment.

These methods are used to identify kinematic parameters without discomfort to the animal. Force plates, video/high speed cameras or 3D motion cameras cannot be used as there is no access to this software and technology, however the information that will be acquired in this study will use alternative software and methods that will support evidence obtained.

\Experimentation was carried out on hens (nine in total). Testing was done on stimulus control in which the hen was clicker trained and shaped. Each hen was tested on whether they discriminate a stimulus on colour or shape, carried out in probe trials. Overall the hens/ roosters responded at a higher percentage to colour above shape. Clicker training was carried out on each hen. The depended variable was the number of reinforcements/ trials needed for successful clicker training, and the independent variable where the different hens used. The topographical behaviour of the hen during clicker training was the hen looked toward the trainer at the start. Once clicker sounded it was presented with a blue cup containing wheat seeds and the hen moved

In our bird feeding lab, we observed two feeding stations that was an open feeder surrounded with a fall season, setting and a shelter feeder with a shrub environment. We observed each feeding station where several birds flew and used up in the feeding tray like the white throat sparrow or the blue jay. However, my group solely focused on the white throat sparrow and we hypothesized that there is no relationship between looks and pecks within the feeding apparatus and the alternative hypothesis is that there is a relationship between looks and pecks within the feeding apparatus. After watching, recording and graphing and making out a statistical test, we came to the end that the two tailed p-values for open and closed feeders are less than

Experimental design is an important part of reporting statistical results and avoiding bias. A controlled experiment, using gummy bears, Flying Bears will be used to practice the principles of experimental design. The launch angle is the factor being tested with the three levels being the three different angles. The distance the gummy bear “flies” from the catapult is the response variable. Flying Bears is a completely randomized experiment as the experimental units, gummy bears, are randomly assigned to a treatment group. The treatments will be imposed, measured, and results will be interpreted and compared to the other treatment groups.

A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms. Model organisms are in vivo models and are widely used to research human disease when human experimentation would be unfeasible or unethical. This strategy is made possible by the common descent of all living organisms and the conservation of metabolic and developmental pathways and genetic material over the course of evolution. Studying model organisms can be informative, but care must be taken when extrapolating from one organism to another.