Modeling For Determinants Of Human Trafficking By Seo-Young Cho

Human trafficking is one of the many faces of organized crime. Human trafficking is a broad term which contains trafficking for the purpose of sex along with the exploitation of labor. Currently, there are 20.9 million victims of sex slavery (Stacy.j.cecchet 2014 482) whom have or are suffering suffer inhumane circumstances and consequences. Sex trafficking is one of the largest criminal activities in the world (Stacy 249). Vulnerable women and children are taken advantage of and thrown into sex slavery, yet there is no explanation available as to how women and children are taken and thrown into the industry within countries such as Canada and the United States of America (482 Stacy j Cecchet 2014), which have human rights protection. Sex slavery leaves everlasting mental and physical effects on the abused women and children being trafficked. Even though sex trafficking is a crime it is also, for a lack of better words, an industry which would cease to exist if it was not for the supply and demand for women and children.

This paper will explore human trafficking and the effects on its victims. The purpose of this paper is to design a research proposal on observable and indistinct characteristics. Outcomes of human trafficking vary widely and include mental disorders, trauma and resilience, pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Some may experience physical and mental abuse, along with physical exhaustion and starvation. Regardless of specific national differences, human trafficking characteristics are comparable among other countries. These common traits that individuals experience through trafficking are observable in any nation regardless of geographical location. These characteristics also can be found in regions that are considered first, second,

Human trafficking is a crime that is vast and ever-growing. It is also hard to identify and prevent, which attributes to the growing industry associated with this crime. There have been researchers who have examined the current data on human trafficking through literature reviews. Unfortunately, there will be limitations to this research because one cannot properly assess all cases of human trafficking; especially because there are many occurrences that go undetected. There have also been researchers who have linked human trafficking with particular criminological theories, in attempt to explain both why traffickers partake in this crime, and how individuals become victimized. This paper will examine 2 of the literature reviews completed, the limitations of those reviews, and 2 theories that may be used in explaining how one may become a victim and trafficker of human trafficking.

Human trafficking is a criminal activity that has risen to be the second largest after drug trafficking. According to the International Labor Organization, 21 million people globally are victims of trafficking involving forced labor and sexual exploitation (Merry, 2015). There is no doubt that human trafficking is an evil that requires robust countermeasures to combat it. However, there are popular myths about human trafficking that do not only distorts a proper understanding of the problem but also hampers efforts to combat it. This paper describes two myths about human trafficking and challenges these myths with the aim of creating awareness about the truth surrounding human trafficking for better actions towards combating it.

Human trafficking, or the selling and buying of people, is a well-hidden yet prominent issue within today’s society. It is both an immoral and horrific topic that needs brought to attention and dealt with. When human beings are manipulated into work, sexual servitude, or economic hardship, human trafficking is occurring. In the year of 2006, only one individual is convicted of human trafficking per 800 victims (UNGIFT). By looking at straight statistics, reasons human trafficking happens, and the toll it has on people, it is very clear that this is a major issue that is happening in our world.

“Globalization influences human trafficking as traffickers take advantage of new transparent borders, broadband communication, and economic upheaval to prey on those most vulnerable … people are largely defined by their economic worth, and since the most vulnerable have only their bodies to sell (labor … sex) … human beings become commodities and victims” (Burke 2013). Additionally, chapter four defines population and migration as an explanation for human trafficking. As the world’s population increases dramatically, there are many poor and vulnerable individuals who are forced to find a way to survive. “Traffickers are resourceful, inventive, and opportunistic, and can find a way to manipulate … population growth … there is an increase in the supply of potential victims who traffickers can exploit and from whom they can profit” (Burke 2013). Victims are driven into human trafficking because they are unable to sustain themselves living in poverty, or are vulnerable as an immigrant or refugee.

Human trafficking exists in several nations all around us. No nation, including the United States is exempt from human trafficking. There may be factors that create unique anti-trafficking issues and obstacles for each nation, but the characteristics are all the same or very similar worldwide. These characteristics are how the trafficking is conducted, how the victims are kidnapped, the percentage of victims, the gender of the victims, and the percentage of each gender in different trafficking situations. The situations include children, adults, male, and female victims. The situations the victims fall into are pornography, forced labor, sex slaves, prostitution, child sex tourism, and many more. These are the issues and key points made by the authors to persuade the reader to agree with their position.

Human trafficking is in every state of this nation and in every country across the world. It’s in cities, suburbs, and rural areas; being hidden in plain view; unseen by so many. In 2015, 17,500 cases of sex trafficking were reported in the United States (Chawla). This is only the cases that were reported. It is estimated that there were about 20.9 million cases across the world that never got reported in 2015 (Lize). There are more human slaves in the world today than ever before in history (Straker). The purpose of this paper is to educate the reader on human trafficking in the United States and in the World, and prove how bad it has become.

The U.S. Department of State reported there’s an estimate of 20.9 million victims of human trafficking. Human trafficking is many occurrences that happen unnoticed anywhere, anytime causing undescribed and inhuman events to the victims. Victims of human trafficking are unable to escape from the life of being raped, beaten, and violated constantly; however, with the support of the government and people around the world, we can help stop it.

Some trafficking prevention programs broadly assume that, no matter the local context, the key vulnerability factors are poverty and lack of knowledge about human trafficking (United). That is, trafficking prevention interventions often move forward with poverty alleviation programs coupled with awareness raising, without first investigating whether the key drivers of human trafficking in the given area truly are household income or lack of understanding about trafficking and safe migration (United). It is very hard to depict whether it is something deeper than having problems fitting into the new surroundings and we as a society do not know how to help efficiently those in

No nation is immune from human trafficking. Even the most powerful nations are not immune from modern day slavery.The main contributors to human trafficking are governmental corruption, economic and social crisis within each nation's borders.Globalization is the development of an increasingly integration marked especially by free trade that transcends nation-state boundaries. Human trafficking represents a highly and interconnected world because as the world evolves and people become more connected, the transfer of people both voluntarily and coerced is becoming more prevalent. Human trafficking is a very lucrative business that extends beyond nation-state boundaries Human trafficking represents a highly and interconnected world because it is tightly connected to the worlds economy, and ironically is caused by the gap of the wealthy and poor even though it has been present for centuries the government is just beginning to address this common problem.. Globalization seems to have played a major role in the rise of sex slavery and the sex trade but has also played major roles in efforts to stop it.

Human trafficking is still lingering in South-East Asia as of today, and we do not expect to leave any time soon in the near future. The reality is that South-East Asian countries are mainly “affected by domestic trafficking or trafficking from the neighboring countries” (UNODC, 2014). There is an approximate “12 to 27 million people enslaved and exploited by human trafficking”, which this crime network brings in approximately “$30 billion dollars annually” (Collins, 2014). It is detected that today we see that (1) South-East Asia is still the origin area for victims of human trafficking around the world, (2) the vast majority of victims are females (either adults or underage girls) and children, (3) what’s surprising is that forced labor is well known among victims than sex exploitation, and (4) offenders are usually within the region (UNODC, 2014).

Human trafficking is a worldwide wrongdoing and human rights infringement that influences about each nation of the world. Casualties of human trafficking may endure serious physical, mental, and passionate wellbeing outcomes as they are regularly subjected to a scope of misuse, for example, physical viciousness, rape, psychological mistreatment, mind-control, and

Since the global issue of human trafficking is one that transcends through multiple borders and countries, it then becomes difficult to enact one legal instrument that can protect persons who are being trafficked through multiple different states that have different laws and legislations. Moreover, as stated by Chuang (2006), the current legal responses are often reluctant in addressing the socio-economic root causes of the problem as they typically adopt a “three-prong” framework focused solely on the prosecution of trafficker, protecting trafficked persons, and preventing trafficking (Chuang, 2006, p.2). However, Chuang (2006) further explains that the legal response is often focused predominantly on prosecuting traffickers, and to a lesser extent, protecting trafficked persons. The problem with this approach is that the broader socioeconomic reality that drives the trafficking in human beings becomes overlooked. Essentially, Chuang (2006) is arguing that there needs to be a shift in how governments view trafficking and shift from a legal framework and instead view this issue from the framework of migration, poverty, discrimination, and gender based violence. Against this backdrop, trafficking is reframed as a migratory response to the current globalizing trends (Chuang, 2006,

Human trafficking is the trade of humans by force, mainly women and female children, for the purposes of sexual slavery, sexual exploitation, and domestic labor. Global human trafficking has often been labeled as modern- day slavery; however the history and causes have been identifiable just as the causes of traditional slavery have been. What causes human trafficking? In this present paper, the hypotheses on the primary causes of global human trafficking will be identified. There are three major themes that cause human trafficking: a nation’s economy, political and legal factors, and social factors that enable the continuance of human trafficking. According to previous research indications of historical influence and social hierarchy have the greatest impact on the causes of human trafficking; these topics will further be elaborated upon during the discussions of political influences and social factors that impact human trafficking.