Modeling Selection Essay

It was decided that there would be 80 vestigial flies and 20 wild type flies to total to an initial population of 100 drosophila. Next, the flies were anesthetized flies using Fly Nap. The flies were counted out to reach desired ratio, sexing the flies making sure there are equal amounts of males and females to be sure there is ample individuals to allow successful mating. The fly’s food was prepared by taking a frozen rotten banana, cutting it in half, mashing up the banana meat, and mixing yeast into it. The

The Australian King Parrot puts their nest in a deep hollow in a tree trunk that is 10m off the ground. The female will lay her eggs in the hole on decayed wood-dust at 0.5m off the ground.

It would be expected that the mutant F1 flies would be heterozygous for the allele responsible for the grounded trait. If two F1 flies were mated, the percentage of flies that would be expected to be wildtype in the F2 generation would be 25% mutants given that the mutant allele (ap) is predicted to be recessive and, leaving 75% to be wildtype (ap+).

Table 2 shows the phenotypes of the F1 flies produced by crossing P1 wild-type males and P1 no-winged females. The results of that cross was that there was fifty nine wild-type females and forty one males. Therefore there was a total of one hundred wild-type flies produced from crossing P1 true breeding wild-type males and P1 true breeding virgin

11. The progeny of a Drosophila female (heterozygous at three loci: y, ct, and w) crossed to a wild type male are listed below:

A. If the wingless mutation is autosomal Dominant on either the female or male then we can expect all of the

Fruit Fly experiment was conducted by using different techniques. One of the main things was to examine the fruit flies and identify the difference between females and males, identify their mutation if they were wild type, white eye, vestigial or white and vestigial combined together. These Fruit flies were kept in the incubator at 25°C for about 6 days. The main goal for this experiment was to observe the principles of Mendelian genetics.

19) Collect 5 males and 5 females of the F₁ generation and place them in the vial to become parents of the F₂ and seal it with another plug.

we said goodbye and placed them in the fly morgue. We allowed the F2 larval

This trait not only influences the mating success of male resplendent quetzal, but also influencing the number of offspring in the living environment. If the results of this experiment reject my null hypothesis, which means that my hypothesis of the longer tail length of male resplendent quetzal, the higher rate for successful mating will be successfully established. Thus the characteristic of the long tail will increase resplendent quetzal’s adaptability and leads to fitness. If the results of my experiment do not reject my null hypothesis, then the tail length is not an adaptation to increase fitness. There might be some possible errors during the experiment that leads to the wrong answer such as the monogamy breeding behavior of resplendent quetzal. However, there might be other interesting adaptations that are not been tested and we can still use this trait to investigate another function, for example, instead of tail length that may affect the mating success, the brightness of the color of the tail may be the trait that can increase the fitness of breeding. By investigating how different brightness of the tail may influence the mating success, I would like to have three male and female resplendent quetzals with similar behaviors and characteristics as my test samples. Because most color that appear among quetzal species are green, thus, I would like to paint each quetzal’s tail with

5. Again, set the number of offspring to the maximum of 6. Then, click the Cross button repeatedly until these parents have produced about 100 F1 offspring.

In the F2 the gender of the flies were irrelevant to figure out the genotype. This is all because of the father fly. The father in this cross was a homozygous recessive individual for both the genes on the X chromosome and so all his female offspring will either be heterozygous or homozygous recessive at each gene. The males on the other hand only receive their X chromosome from the mother (father provides their Y chromosome) so all the alleles for these

The next variable I will draw a hypothesis on is the density that we stock these birds. I believe stocking density plays a big role in the growth of birds in chicken houses My hypothesis is that the lightly stocked pens will grow larger than the heavily stocked pens. I believe this will be the case because the less competition a bird has the more that bird will be able to eat. The more birds there are in a pen the more competition each bird will face when it comes to feeding. These birds will not be able to eat as freely as the birds with less competitors.

Researchers have found that Extra-Pair mating increases the incidence for female birds to conceive more genetically adapted offspring. Data derived from mortality rates of various flocks of birds suggests that the higher the diversity of genes found in the males of a

Selection is the means with which all improvement of domesticated animals has been made in terms of economic gain. Thompson (1986) established that selective improvement in the quantitative traits was dependent upon the heritability of that trait and the amount of selection practiced i.e., selection differential. The simplest form of selection is to choose individuals on the basis of their own phenotypic values (Thompson, 1986). The net value of an individual depends on several traits. Hence, it is necessary to apply selection simultaneously to all traits of economic importance (Price, 1995). For example, in poultry genetic economic value of a layer bird depends on many traits like age at sexual maturity, body weight, number of eggs produced and weight of egg. The traits to be considered for simultaneous selection obviously depend to a large extent, upon their genetic significance and economic values (Price, 1970). Hazel (1943) discovered that genetic significance of a character means its response to